DISSERTATION

5.1 Materials and consumables …..……………………………...…….......… 109
5.2 Electrochemical setup and instrumentation ……………...……….…. 110
5.3 Preparation of gold surfaces ….………………………………………. 111
5.4 Determination of the potential of zero charge …...………………….. 113
5.5 Potential-assisted formation of self-assembled monolayers ….…….. 114
5.6 Potential-assisted desorption …………………………………………. 115
5.7 Preparation of DNA sensors ….………………………………………. 116
5.7.1 ssDNA immobilization via incubation ...…………………………………………… 116
5.7.2 Potential-assisted ssDNA immobilization ….……………………………………… 116
5.7.3 Passivation by means of incubation ...……………………………………………… 117
5.7.4 Potential-assisted passivation .……………………………………………………… 117
5.8 Preparation of DNA chips ..…………………………………………………… 117
5.9 Characterization of DNA sensors …..………………………………... 118
5.9.1 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ……………………………………… 118
5.9.2 Cyclic voltammetry ……………………………………………………………… 118
5.9.3 Chronocoulometry for determination of DNA coverage …………………………… 118
5.10 Hybridization and dehybridization ..……………………………………… 118
5.10.1 Detection of hybridization ………………………………………………………… 119
5.10.2 DNA coverage determination by means of FSCV ...…………………....………… 119
5.11 Intercalation .…………………………………………………………………… 120
5.12 Methods …..……………………………………………………………………… 120
5.12.1 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ………………………………………… 120
5.12.2 Chronocoulometry for the determination of DNA coverage ...…………………… 124
6. References ...………………………………………………………………….... 127
7. Appendix ..……………………………………………………………………… 133
7.1 List of symbols and abbreviations …...……………………………………… 133
7.2 Publications list …..……………………………………………………………… 136
7.3 Conference contributions ...…………………………………………………… 138