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PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS OF EMBODIMENT Keywords: social understanding, participatory sense-making, body memory, unreflective action, affectivity. Razumem te, ker te poznam: Vpliv preteklih utelešenih interakcij na socialno razumevanje 250 V prispevku se ukvarjam s temo medosebnega razumevanja in se sprašujem, kako naša pretekla utelešena srečanja oblikujejo predreflektivno razumevanje in doživljanje drugega v neposredni socialni interakciji. Članek je razdeljen na dva dela. V prvem delu skozi oris nekaterih fenomenoloških in enaktivističnih teorij socialne kognicije predstavim ključne dejavnike medosebnega razumevanja v utelešeni interakciji. Izpostavim težave klasičnih, t. i. “mindreading” pristopov, ki trdijo, da razumevanje vedenja in duševnosti drugih temelji na določanju njihovih mentalnih stanj, in poudarim vlogo, ki jo v medosebnem razumevanju igra posameznikovo poznavanje okolja, ki si ga deli z drugo osebo -- tako konkretnega konteksta interakcije kot tudi širšega družbenega sveta socialnih praks, vlog in norm. V neposrednih srečanjih je težko opredeljivi pojem ‘okolja’ nerazdružljivo prepleten z utelešeno interakcijo, neločljiv od interakcije pa je tudi sam fenomen razumevanja drugega. Pri preučevanju socialne kognicije je zato bistveno prepoznati ključni pomen interakcijskega procesa, kar najbolje uspe enaktivističnemu pristopu. V drugem delu članka se osredotočim na občutek domačnosti oz. predreflektivnega poznavanja drugega v neposredni socialni interakciji. Predstavim fenomenološki koncept telesnega spomina, s pomočjo katerega skozi zgodovino utelešenih srečanj posamezni odnosi razvijejo značilne interakcijske vzorce, ki jih pogosto spremlja prvoosebno izkustvo domačnosti. Temu subtilnemu občutku je mogoče pripisati aktivno dimenzijo, saj v nereflektivni socialni interakciji vpliva na naše doživljanje možnosti za akcijo in tako določa nabor potencialnih dejanj, ki jih izkusimo kot relevantna. Ker lahko predreflektivno socialno razumevanje opišemo kot sposobnost ustreznega odzivanja na relevantne možnosti za (inter)akcijo, sklenem, da ima občutek domačnosti pomembno vlogo pri usmerjanju poteka socialnih interakcij in oblikovanju razumevanja in doživljanja drugega.
Ključne besede: socialno razumevanje, sodelovalno opomenjanje, telesni spomin, nereflektivno delovanje, afektivnost. Julia Garstenauer Temporalization of Touch and its Consequences for Embodiment Edmund Husserl’s concept of touch, as developed in Ideas II, was widely discussed and became the starting point for various explanations of the constitution of the lived body in phenomenological research and beyond. Localization and therefore spatial aspects are the main characteristics for the lived body in Husserl’s works, whereas temporal aspects are rarely considered. For this reason, the present paper argues that a pre-reflective bodily constitution occurs not only in the form of localization but also in the form of temporalization. Against the background of an expanded concept of touching, construed as a realization of borders, temporalization is characterized as a continuous and constant being-towards-the-world. It is withdrawn from consciousness, and, in it, the three time ecstasies are intertwined and influence each other. However, the continuity of temporalization is necessarily fractured or deferred. While Husserl, especially in his famous example of the double sensation of the two hands touching each other, claims that there is a co-presence of physical body (Körper) and lived body (Leib), I will try to show, by drawing on cases such as injury and phantom limb sensations, that there occurs a time deferral, ranging from a fracture in phantom limb sensations to a minimal deferral in self-touch. This has two main consequences for embodiment. Firstly, temporalization is a necessary process in the constitution of the lived body: having a (lived) body means having time. Secondly, the relations between consciousness and (lived) body, as well as physical body and lived body, are not simultaneous, but are constantly shifting, and thus never completely coincide. 251 Keywords: touch, embodiment, temporality, Husserl, Derrida.
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