phainomena
PHAINOMENA-98-99_e-verzija PHAINOMENA-98-99_e-verzija
PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS OF EMBODIMENT of the body in order to examine and critically evaluate it. This evaluation will explore certain conceptual ambiguities and theoretical incongruences which are at the root of two difficulties for AE’s account: (i) it highlights a potential anthropocentric and anthropomorphic bias; and (ii) it is too abstract, synchronic, and does not pay sufficient attention to the historical, sociocultural dimension of embodiment. The paper concludes by drawing from recent work in the sociology of the body to both support this reading of AE and also as a possible means to improve on it. Keywords: anthropomorphism, enactivism, embodied cognitive science, embodiment, sense-making, the body multiple. 244 Osmisliti (avtopoietsko) enaktivno utelešenje: Prizanesljiva ocena Avtopoietski enaktivizem (AE) je v zadnjih dveh desetletjih brez dvoma v ospredju »revolucije utelešenja« v filozofiji duha in kognitivni znanosti. Sčasoma se je razvil v »radikalno« in vplivno obravnavo utelešenja, ki trdi, da je kognicija konstitutivno odvisna od živega telesa. AE predstavlja naturalističen, a nereduktiven okvir, znotraj katerega lahko telo razumemo obenem kot avtonomen sistem in kot subjektiven osmišljajoč dejavnik. V skladu z AE naj bi to prepričanje služilo kot osrednje jedro, na podlagi katerega je mogoče razviti paradigmo resnično utelešene kognicije, ki bi lahko izzvala tradicionalen kognitivizem. Članek predstavi obravnavo telesa znotraj AE, da bi jo lahko nato ustrezno preučil in kritično ovrednotil. To ovrednotenje razkrije določene pojmovne dvoumnosti in teoretska neskladja, ki pestijo AE. Še posebej pereči sta v tem oziru naslednji težavi: (i) problem morebitne antropocentrične in antropomorfne pristranskosti; in (ii) problem prekomerne abstraktnosti in sinhronosti, zaradi česar AE ne posveča zadostne pozornosti historični in družbeno-kulturni razsežnosti utelešenja. Članek sklenem s sklicevanjem na nedavne raziskave na področju sociologije telesa, in sicer z namenom, da bi podkrepil ponujeno branje AE in obenem ponudil možna sredstva za njegovo izboljšanje.
Ključne besede: antropomorfizem, enaktivizem, utelešena kognitivna znanost, utelešenje, osmišljevanje, telesna mnogovrstnost. Peter Kaiser Taking Bodily Self-Awareness in Animals Seriously The current debates on embodiment, consciousness, and bodily (self-) awareness are partly characterized by insightful convergences of analytically and phenomenologically influenced approaches, allowing for an increased understanding of the phenomena themselves. Since bodily awareness is essential to any sentient being, these analyses should also be of high relevance to studies of animal cognition in general, and animal consciousness in particular. Far too often only higher forms of (self-)awareness have been the focus of philosophical debate. The aim of this paper is to strengthen the case for the role of bodily selfawareness in animals by bringing David DeGrazia’s account of self-awareness in animals into dialogue with contemporary phenomenology, thereby emphasizing significant overlaps. First, I discuss DeGrazia’s account of bodily self-awareness. DeGrazia argues that higher forms of self-awareness such as social and reflective/introspective self-awareness (e.g. demonstrated in mirror self-recognition tasks) presuppose bodily self-awareness. Drawing on various empirical data and conceptual considerations, his arguments are illuminating in their own right. But his conception of self-awareness remains somewhat underdetermined. Therefore, second, I argue that DeGrazia’s case for bodily self-awareness in animals faces a serious challenge: It has been claimed that the most basic types of self-awareness in question are instances of mere consciousness and not selfawareness (Lynne R. Baker). Third, I shall argue, this challenge can be met by complementing DeGrazia’s account with Dan Zahavi’s and Shaun Gallagher’s phenomenological analysis of pre-reflective self-awareness. Emphasizing the subjective aspect of for-meness of any first-personal given experience is precisely what it means to take bodily self-awareness seriously. 245
- Page 194 and 195: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 196 and 197: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 198 and 199: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 200 and 201: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 202 and 203: 202
- Page 204 and 205: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 206 and 207: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 208 and 209: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 210 and 211: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 212 and 213: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 214 and 215: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 216 and 217: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 218 and 219: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 220 and 221: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 222 and 223: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 224 and 225: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 226 and 227: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 228 and 229: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 230 and 231: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 232 and 233: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 234 and 235: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 236 and 237: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 238 and 239: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 240 and 241: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 242 and 243: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 246 and 247: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 248 and 249: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 250 and 251: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 252 and 253: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 254 and 255: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 256 and 257: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 258 and 259: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 260 and 261: 260 PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99
- Page 262 and 263: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 264 and 265: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 266 and 267: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 268: PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99 THE HORIZONS O
- Page 271 and 272: e-ISSN 2232-6650 UDK 1 PHAINOMENA R
PHAINOMENA XXV/98-99<br />
THE HORIZONS OF EMBODIMENT<br />
of the body in order to examine and critically evaluate it. This evaluation<br />
will explore certain conceptual ambiguities and theoretical incongruences<br />
which are at the root of two difficulties for AE’s account: (i) it highlights a<br />
potential anthropocentric and anthropomorphic bias; and (ii) it is too abstract,<br />
synchronic, and does not pay sufficient attention to the historical, sociocultural<br />
dimension of embodiment. The paper concludes by drawing from recent work<br />
in the sociology of the body to both support this reading of AE and also as a<br />
possible means to improve on it.<br />
Keywords: anthropomorphism, enactivism, embodied cognitive science,<br />
embodiment, sense-making, the body multiple.<br />
244<br />
Osmisliti (avtopoietsko) enaktivno utelešenje:<br />
Prizanesljiva ocena<br />
Avtopoietski enaktivizem (AE) je v zadnjih dveh desetletjih brez dvoma<br />
v ospredju »revolucije utelešenja« v filozofiji duha in kognitivni znanosti.<br />
Sčasoma se je razvil v »radikalno« in vplivno obravnavo utelešenja, ki trdi, da je<br />
kognicija konstitutivno odvisna od živega telesa. AE predstavlja naturalističen,<br />
a nereduktiven okvir, znotraj katerega lahko telo razumemo obenem kot<br />
avtonomen sistem in kot subjektiven osmišljajoč dejavnik. V skladu z AE naj bi<br />
to prepričanje služilo kot osrednje jedro, na podlagi katerega je mogoče razviti<br />
paradigmo resnično utelešene kognicije, ki bi lahko izzvala tradicionalen<br />
kognitivizem. Članek predstavi obravnavo telesa znotraj AE, da bi jo lahko<br />
nato ustrezno preučil in kritično ovrednotil. To ovrednotenje razkrije določene<br />
pojmovne dvoumnosti in teoretska neskladja, ki pestijo AE. Še posebej pereči<br />
sta v tem oziru naslednji težavi: (i) problem morebitne antropocentrične in<br />
antropomorfne pristranskosti; in (ii) problem prekomerne abstraktnosti in<br />
sinhronosti, zaradi česar AE ne posveča zadostne pozornosti historični in<br />
družbeno-kulturni razsežnosti utelešenja. Članek sklenem s sklicevanjem na<br />
nedavne raziskave na področju sociologije telesa, in sicer z namenom, da bi<br />
podkrepil ponujeno branje AE in obenem ponudil možna sredstva za njegovo<br />
izboljšanje.
Change language