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Joint Strategic Plan on Intellectual Property Enforcement SECTION 2 issues/2015/06/22/an-update-on-microsofts-efforts-to-reduceonline-piracy-and-improve-search-results/. 47 See Ernesto, “Google’s Anti-Piracy Filter Is Quite Effective,” Torrent Freak (July 12, 2011), accessed from https://torrentfreak. com/googles-anti-piracy-filter-110712/; Ernesto, “Google’s Piracy Filter Cuts ‘Pirate Bay’ Searches in Half, But . . .,” Torrent Freak (April 20, 2012), accessed from https://torrentfreak.com/googlespiracy-filter-cuts-pirate-bay-searches-in-half-but-120420/. 48 The “safe harbor” provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), originally enacted in 1998 in Pub. L. No. 105-304 (and since amended), are codified at 17 U.S.C. § 512. 49 United States Department of Commerce, Internet Policy Task Force, “Copyright Policy, Creativity, and Innovation in the Digital Economy,” (July 2013) at p.56, accessed from http://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/news/publications/ copyrightgreenpaper.pdf. 50 United States Department of Commerce, Internet Policy Task Force, “Copyright Policy, Creativity, and Innovation in the Digital Economy,” (July 2013) at p.56, accessed from http://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/news/publications/ copyrightgreenpaper.pdf, citing Stewart, Christopher S., Wall Street Journal (March 4, 2013) (reporting that owner of small independent film distributor “found more than 903,000 links to unauthorized versions of her films” with estimated losses of “over $3 million in revenue” and a cost to send takedown notices of “over $30,000 a year.”). 51 See Welch, Chris, “Google received over 75 million copyright takedown requests in February: The company is processing over 100,000 links each and every hour,” (The Verge: March 7, 2016), accessed from http://www.theverge. com/2016/3/7/11172516/google-takedown-requests-75-million. See also “Requests to remove content due to copyright,” Google Transparency Report, accessed from https://www. google.com/transparencyreport/removals/copyright/. 52 Accessed via Google, Transparency Report, accessed from https://www.google.com/transparencyreport/removals/ copyright/. 53 See, e.g., Urban, Jennifer M. et al., “Notice and Takedown in Everyday Practice” UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper No. 2755628 (March 29, 2016) at pp.116-117, accessed from http:// ssrn.com/abstract=2755628. 54 United States Department of Commerce, DMCA Multistakeholder Forum, “DMCA Notice-and-Takedown Processes: List of Good, Bad, and Situational Practices" (April 7, 2015), accessed from https://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/ files/documents/DMCA_Good_Bad_and_Situational_Practices_ Document-FINAL.pdf. 55 See United States Copyright Office, “Section 512 Study: Notice and Request for Public Comment,” 80 FR 81862 (December 31, 2015), accessed from https://www.gpo.gov/ fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-12-31/pdf/2015-32973.pdf. 56 Forster, Stephen, “Crackdown on counterfeiting & piracy online,” U.K. National Trading Standards, eCrime Team (June 24, 2015) (“according to the latest IP Crime Report 2013/14, social media has overtaken auction sites as criminals’ ‘channelof-choice’ for counterfeit and piracy activity”), accessed from http://www.tradingstandardsecrime.org.uk/crack-down-oncounterfeiting-and-piracy-on-social-media/. 57 See U.K. Intellectual Property Office, “IP Crime Report 2015/16,” (September 28, 2016), at pp.7, 15, 29, accessed from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/557539/ip-crime-report-2015-16.pdf; National Trading Standards, “Social Media Counterfeting Operation,” (July 5, 2016), accessed from http://www. tradingstandardsecrime.org.uk/social-media-counterfeitingoperation-expands-across-borders/; Chu, Kathy, “For Counterfeit Fighters on Social Media, Fake Profiles are a Real Ally,” (The Wall Street Journal: April 25, 2016), accessed from http://www.wsj.com/articles/for-counterfeit-fighters-on-socialmedia-fake-profiles-are-a-real-ally-1461578495. 58 Regarding the general increase in the use of “buy buttons” for legitimate commerce, see, e.g., Boorstin, Julia, “Twitter launches ‘buy now’ buttons for retailers,” CNBC (September 30, 2015), accessed from http://www.cnbc.com/2015/09/30/ twitter-launches-buy-now-buttons-for-retailers.html; Honig, Zach, “Facebook's Buy button lets you purchase products directly from Page posts and ads,” EnGadget.com (July 18, 2014), accessed from http://www.engadget.com/2014/07/18/ facebook-testing-buy-button/; Griffith, Erin, “Pinterest expands ‘buy button’ program to boost shopping on platform,” Fortune (October 5, 2015), accessed from http://fortune. com/2015/10/05/pinterest-buy-button-expansion/. 59 D’Onfro, Jillian, BusinessInsider.com, “Here’s a look at just how big a problem ‘freebooting’ is for Facebook” (August 3, 2015), accessed from http://www.businessinsider.com/ freebooting-video-on-facebook-2015-8; O’Rieilly, Lara, “A YouTube video that claims Facebook is ‘stealing billions of views’ is going viral,” BusinessInsider.com (November 12, 2015), accessed from http://www.businessinsider.com/how-facebookis-stealing-billions-of-views-youtube-video-goes-viral-2015-11; Luckerson, Victor, “This is Facebook’s Biggest Problem With Video Right Now,” Time (August 25, 2015), accessed from http://time.com/4009015/facebook-youtube-freebooting/. 60 See, e.g., Griffith, Erin, “Facebook’s video monetization plan is here,” Fortune (July 1, 2015) (describing social media platforms’ collection of ad revenue from uploaded content alongside discussion of identical content viewed 23 million times from an unauthorized source and only 2 million times from the content creator), accessed from http://fortune. com/2015/07/01/facebook-video-monetization/. 61 International Data Corporation (IDC), “Mobile Internet Users to Top 2 Billion Worldwide in 2016, According to IDC” (Dec. 17, 2015), accessed from http://www.idc.com/getdoc. jsp?containerId=prUS40855515. 62 Khalaf, Simon, “Media, Productivity & Emojis Give Mobile Another Stunning Growth Year,” Flurry Analytics Blog (Jan. 5, 2016), accessed from http://flurrymobile.tumblr.com/ post/136677391508/stateofmobile2015?soc_src=mail&soc_ trk=ma. 63 This Figure found in “Global mobile applications user base from 2010 to 2015 (in millions),” Statista, accessed from http:// www.statista.com/statistics/219959/global-mobile-applicationsuser-base-forecast/. 64 Figure sourced from Statista, https://www.statista.com/ statistics/219959/global-mobile-applications-user-baseforecast/. 65 Mathew, Jerin, “Apple App Store Growing by Over 1,000 Apps Per Day,” International Business Times (June 6, 2015) 86
Office of the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator (“Developers are currently submitting more than 1,000 apps to Apple's App Store per day, according to data compiled by Pocketgamer.biz.”), accessed from http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/ apple-app-store-growing-by-over-1000-apps-per-day-1504801. 66 Norton, “How to Spot a Fake Android App” (August 18, 2014), accessed from http://community.norton.com/en/blogs/ norton-protection-blog/how-spot-fake-android-appjp. 67 See, e.g., Casey, Dan, “Column: Web Entrepreneur cries foul over purloined content,” The Roanoke Times, (November 30, 2015), accessed from http://www.roanoke.com/news/columns_ and_blogs/columns/dan_casey/column-web-entrepreneur-cries- foul-over-purloined-content/article_f0d7b0a7-0438-5fd2-81b1- 3383c7c5d514.html. 68 See, e.g., Statt, Nick, “Microsoft’s Windows app stores still ‘cesspool’ of copyright infringement,” CNET, (May 22, 2015), accessed from http://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-windowsapp-stores-copyright-infringement/#. 69 See, e.g., Gross, Doug, “Virus found in fake Android version of 'Angry Birds: Space',” CNN (April 12, 2012), accessed from http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/12/tech/gaming-gadgets/angrybirds-virus-android/; Arthur, Charles, “Android users targeted in Angry Birds malware scam,” The Guardian (May 25, 2012), accessed from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/ may/25/android-users-angry-birds-malware (reporting that “[n]early 1,400 UK Android smartphone users have been hit by premium-rate phone scams . . . when they opened fake versions of game apps including Angry Birds, Assassin's Creed and Cut the Rope”). 70 Luo, Symphony et al., “Fake Apps: Feigning Legitimacy,” Trend Micro Research Paper, (2014), accessed from http://www. trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/ white-papers/wp-fake-apps.pdf. The quote regarding SDK modification is on page 7. 71 This Figure is found in Asrar, Irfan, “Will Your Next TV Manual Ask You to Run a Scan Instead of Adjusting the Antenna?,” Symantec Official Blog (October 12, 2011), accessed from https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/will-your-next-tvmanual-ask-you-run-scan-instead-adjusting-antenna, and is also cited in Mills, Elinor, “Phony Netflix Android app steals account data: Malicious app looks like real Netflix app but grabs log-in data, says Symantec,” CNET (October 12, 2011), accessed from http://www.cnet.com/news/phony-netflix-android-app-stealsaccount-data/, and in Kovacs, Nadia, “How to Spot a Fake Android App,” Norton (August 18, 2014), accessed from http:// community.norton.com/en/blogs/norton-protection-blog/howspot-fake-android-appjp. 72 See, e.g., “App Store Review Guidelines,” Apple, accessed from https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines. Section 5 of the Guidelines establishes the framework around which Apple will review submitted apps for compliance with applicable law. 73 For example, in December 2014, Google removed from its Play Store several infringing applications associated with the notorious Pirate Bay website. However, the apps remained available elsewhere, and the apps downloaded prior to the takedown continued to function (but without updates). See de Looper, Christian, “Google Pulls Pirate Bay Apps Citing Piracy Concerns,” Tech Times (December 8, 2014), accessed from http://www.techtimes.com/articles/21765/20141208/googlepulls-pirate-bay-apps-citing-piracy-concerns.htm. 74 Announcing the launch of the Digital Attache Program, United States Secretary of Commerce, Penny Pritzker, stated that, “America’s economic growth and competitiveness depend on our capacity to embrace digitization in the economy.” “U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker Launches Digital Attache Program to Address Trade Barriers” (March 11, 2016), accessed from https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2016/03/ us-secretary-commerce-penny-pritzker-launches-digital-attacheprogram. 75 See, e.g., Talbot, David, “Google, Sun Backing New Anti- Malware Efforts: Harvard, Oxford researchers aim to create Internet defensive strategies geared to consumers,” MIT Technology Review (January 25, 2006), accessed from https:// www.technologyreview.com/s/405213/google-sun-backing-newanti-malware-effort/. 76 “Bing to warn customers about the threats of fake online pharmacies,” Bing blogs (August 6, 2015), accessed from https://blogs.bing.com/search/2015/08/06/bing-to-warncustomers-about-the-threats-of-fake-online-pharmacies/. 77 See, e.g., “2013 Joint Strategic Plan on Intellectual Property Enforcment,” at p. 7, accessed from https://www.whitehouse. gov/sites/default/files/omb/IPEC/2013-us-ipec-joint-strategicplan.pdf. 78 See, e.g., Minaya, Ezequiel et al.,“Netflix Expands to 190 Countries,” The Wall Street Journal (January 6, 2016), accessed from http://www.wsj.com/articles/netflix-expands-to-190- countries-1452106429. 79 The Figure is of the Popcorn Time app, which courts have held to infringe copyright and have no legitimate purpose. See Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp. et al. v. Sky UK Ltd. Et al., [2015] EWHC 1082 (Ch), accessed from http://www. bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2015/1082.html (holding in paragraph 66 that “[t]he point of Popcorn Time is to infringe copyright. The Popcorn Time application has no legitimate purpose”; injunction ordered). Similar court ruling have been reported in Canada and New Zealand. See Ungerleider, Neal, “MPAA Shuts Down Torrent Site Popcorn Time: Court rulings in Canada and New Zealand bring down Popcorn Time and fellow pirate site YTS.,” FastCompany (November 4, 2015), http://www.fastcompany.com/3053227/fast-feed/mpaa-shutsdown-torrent-site-popcorn-time. 80 See, e.g., U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, “Quarterly Retail E-Commerce Sales, 2nd Quarter 2016” (August 16, 2016), accessed from http://www.census.gov/ retail/mrts/www/data/pdf/ec_current.pdf. See also eMarketer, “Worldwide Retail Ecommerce Sales Will Reach $1.915 Trillion This Year” (August 22, 2016), accessed from https://www. emarketer.com/Article/Worldwide-Retail-Ecommerce-Sales- Will-Reach-1915-Trillion-This-Year/1014369 (citing proprietary eMarketer estimates that “Double-digit growth [in e-commerce] will continue through 2020, when sales will top $4 trillion”). 81 See, e.g., Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Countering the Growing Intellectual Property Theft Threat: Enhancing Ties Between Law Enforcement and Business” (January 22, 2016), accessed from https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2016/january/ countering-the-growing-intellectual-property-theft-threat/ countering-the-growing-intellectual-property-theft-threat. 82 MarkMonitor, “MarkMonitor Online Barometer and Global Consumer Shopping Habits Survey 2015” (November 2015), at p. 4, accessed from https://www.markmonitor.com/download/ report/MarkMonitor_Online_Barometer-2015.pdf. 83 See, e.g., Carsten, Paul, “Alibaba's Singles' Day sales surge 60 percent to $14.3 billion,” Reuters (November 11, 2015), accessed from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba- SECTION 2 87
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U.S. JOINT STRATEGIC PLAN ON INTELL
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B. In Furtherance of a Healthy Doma
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PREAMBLE A Reflection on Creativity
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Senior Advisory Committee Establish
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INTRODUCTION IP-intensive industrie
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Services, the Dep
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Advertising B
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1 THE GLOBAL SCALE OF INTELLECTUAL
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INTRODUCTION The story of intellect
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With thanks to, an
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