ENFORCEMENT
eop_ipec_jointstrategicplan_hi-res
eop_ipec_jointstrategicplan_hi-res
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Office of the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator<br />
33<br />
The indictment is discussed in United States Department of<br />
Justice, U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of New<br />
York, “Three Members Of International Organization Of Money<br />
Launderers For The Largest Drug Cartels Arrested: Defendants<br />
Used Chinese Banking System and Trade-Based Money<br />
Laundering Scheme to Launder Over $5 Billion” (September<br />
10, 2015), accessed from https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/<br />
three-members-international-organization-money-laundererslargest-drug-cartels-arrested.<br />
34<br />
NTIA, “Testimony of Assistant Secretary Strickling on<br />
Protecting Internet Freedom: Implications of Ending U.S.<br />
Oversight of the Internet” (September 14, 2016), accessed from:<br />
https://www.ntia.doc.gov/speechtestimony/2016/testimonyassistant-secretary-strickling-protecting-internet-freedom.<br />
35<br />
See, e.g., Office of the United States Trade Representative,<br />
“2015 Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets,” at p. 14<br />
(December 2015), accessed from https://ustr.gov/sites/default/<br />
files/USTR-2015-Out-of-Cycle-Review-Notorious-Markets-Final.<br />
pdf (reporting that “domain hopping tactics deployed by KAT.<br />
CR allow the site to reappear at the top of search results and<br />
evade court-ordered injunctions”); Representatives Goodlatte<br />
and Schiff, “International Creativity and Theft-Prevention<br />
Caucus Applauds USTR Report” (December 28, 2015) (“the<br />
challenges of sustained enforcement for online piracy are<br />
evident including domain name hopping and the cloning of<br />
closed sites”), accessed from http://www.judiciary.house.gov/<br />
index.cfm/press-releases?ID=EBEFCCFA-41DB-4862-9194-<br />
F157FDFC000B.<br />
of Notorious Markets,” id.; Ernesto, “The Pirate Bay Moves to<br />
.AC After Domain Name Seizure,” Torrent Freak (December 10,<br />
2013), accessed from https://torrentfreak.com/the-pirate-baymoves-to-ac-after-domain-name-seizure-131210/;<br />
Ernesto, “Pirate<br />
Bay Moves to Guyana After Domain Suspension, 70 Domains<br />
to Go,” Torrent Freak (December 18, 2013), accessed from<br />
https://torrentfreak.com/pirate-bay-moves-to-guyana-131218/;<br />
Ernesto, “Pirate Bay Moves to GS, LA, VG, AM, MN, and GD<br />
Domains,” Torrent Freak (May 19, 2015), accessed from https://<br />
torrentfreak.com/pirate-bay-moves-to-gs-la-vg-am-mn-and-gddomains-150519/;<br />
Ernesto, “Registry Suspends Pirate Bay’s ‘New’<br />
.MS Domain Name,” Torrent Freak (January 14, 2016), accessed<br />
from https://torrentfreak.com/registry-suspends-pirate-bays-newms-domain-name-160114/.<br />
39<br />
See Office of the United States Trade Representative,<br />
“2013 Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets” (February<br />
12, 2014), accessed from https://ustr.gov/sites/default/<br />
files/02122014-2013-OCR-Notorious-Markets.pdf; “2014<br />
Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets” (March 5, 2015),<br />
accessed from https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/2014%20<br />
Notorious%20Markets%20List%20-%20Published_0.pdf; “2015<br />
Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets” (December 2015),<br />
accessed from https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/USTR-2015-<br />
Out-of-Cycle-Review-Notorious-Markets-Final.pdf.<br />
40<br />
Office of the United States Trade Representative, “2015<br />
Out-of-Cycle Review of Notorious Markets” (December 2015),<br />
accessed from https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/USTR-2015-<br />
Out-of-Cycle-Review-Notorious-Markets-Final.pdf.<br />
36<br />
RFC 1591, titled “Domain Name System Structure and<br />
Delegation,” emphasizes the principle of subsidiarity in policy<br />
development; the ccTLD manager should, in the first instance,<br />
consider the needs and interests of the local community it serves,<br />
as a “trustee for the delegated domain” for the Nation.<br />
37<br />
The “whack-a-mole” challenge is exacerbated at times when<br />
individuals or entities engaged in illicit online activities actively<br />
obscure their true identity by registering domain names under<br />
false information. See, e.g., Europol, “The Internet Organised<br />
Crime Threat Assessment,” Chapter 4 – Facilitators and<br />
Relevant Factors (2014), accessed from https://www.europol.<br />
europa.eu/iocta/2014/chap-4-3-view1.html (“Criminals can<br />
misuse/abuse WHOIS data in a number of ways” including<br />
“[g]iving false WHOIS credentials to Registrars to avoid<br />
identification, in order to conduct illegal or harmful Internet<br />
activities”); National Physical Laboratory, “A Study of Whois<br />
Privacy and Proxy Service Abuse: Final Report,” at p. 8 (March<br />
7, 2014) (reporting that a “significant percentage of the domain<br />
names used to conduct illegal or harmful Internet activities<br />
are registered via privacy or proxy services to obscure the<br />
perpetrator's identity”), accessed from https://whois.icann.org/<br />
en/file/pp-abuse-study-final-07mar14-en.<br />
38<br />
“Despite the criminal conviction of its founders, Sweden-based<br />
The Pirate Bay (TPB) continued to navigate the globe and the<br />
country code top level domain (ccTLD) system to facilitate user<br />
downloading of unauthorized copyright-protected content.”<br />
Office of the United States Trade Representative, “2013 Out-of-<br />
Cycle Review of Notorious Markets,” at p. 10 (February 12, 2014),<br />
accessed from https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/02122014-2013-<br />
OCR-Notorious-Markets.pdf. According to reports, TPB has used<br />
over a dozen ccTLDs as part of an attempt to stay beyond the<br />
reach of law enforcement, including the ccTLDs for Sweden (.se),<br />
Greenland (.gl), Iceland (.is), Saint Martin (.sx), Ascension Island<br />
(.ac), Peru (.pe), Guyana (.gy), South Georgia (.gs), Laos (.la), the<br />
British Virgin Islands (.vg), Armenia (.am), Mongolia (.mn), Grenada<br />
(.gd), and Montserrat (.ms). See USTR’s “2013 Out-of-Cycle Review<br />
41<br />
See, e.g., Verisign, “The Domain Name Industry Brief”<br />
(Volume 13 – Issue 3: September 2016) (reporting that an<br />
estimated 334.6 million domain names are registered across<br />
all TLDs, with ccTLDs comprising an estimated 149.9 million<br />
domain names), accessed from https://www.verisign.com/<br />
assets/domain-name-report-sept2016.pdf.<br />
42<br />
See, e.g., Sullivan, Danny, “Google Still Doing At Least 1<br />
Trillion Search Per Year: Company is sticking with figure it gave<br />
in 2012 but stresses it's ‘over’ that amount. How much over,<br />
Google's not saying.,” Search Engine Land, (January 16, 2015),<br />
accessed from http://searchengineland.com/google-1-trillionsearches-per-year-212940.<br />
43<br />
Sterling, Greg, “Search Is Number One Content Discovery<br />
Tool For Mobile Users: Study shows mobile web is widely<br />
used despite ‘time spent’ gap with apps,” Search Engine Land<br />
(January 15, 2015), accessed from http://searchengineland.com/<br />
search-leading-content-discovery-tool-mobile-users-212855.<br />
44<br />
See, e.g., Google Public Policy Blog, “Continued Progress<br />
on Fighting Piracy” (October 17, 2014), accessed from http://<br />
googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/2014/10/continued-progresson-fighting-piracy.html;<br />
Microsoft Corporate Blogs, “An Update<br />
on Microsoft’s efforts to reduce online piracy and improve search<br />
results” (June 22, 2015), accessed from http://blogs.microsoft.<br />
com/on-the-issues/2015/06/22/an-update-on-microsofts-effortsto-reduce-online-piracy-and-improve-search-results/.<br />
45<br />
See, e.g., Ernesto, “Google’s Piracy Filter Cuts ‘Pirate<br />
Bay’ Searches in Half, But . . .,” Torrent Freak (April 20, 2012),<br />
accessed from https://torrentfreak.com/googles-piracy-filtercuts-pirate-bay-searches-in-half-but-120420/.<br />
46<br />
Microsoft Corporate Blogs, “An Update on Microsoft’s efforts<br />
to reduce online piracy and improve search results” (June<br />
22, 2015), accessed from http://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-<br />
SECTION 2<br />
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