ENFORCEMENT
eop_ipec_jointstrategicplan_hi-res
eop_ipec_jointstrategicplan_hi-res
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Joint Strategic Plan on Intellectual Property Enforcement<br />
(2015) accessed from https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/2015-Special-301-Report-FINAL.pdf;<br />
World Customs Organization (WCO),<br />
“Illicit Trade Report 2014,” (December 2015) at p.66, accessed<br />
from http://www.wcoomd.org/en/media/newsroom/2015/december/~/media/6FDFF08E365E49D49C0B6DC375C492B5.ashx.<br />
51<br />
2016 OECD Report, at pp.13, 43.<br />
52<br />
2016 OECD Report, at p.13.<br />
53<br />
2016 OECD Report, at pp.13, 43.<br />
54<br />
World Economic Forum “Global Agenda Council on Organized<br />
Crime: Organized Crime Enablers,” (July 2012) at p.21,<br />
accessed from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GAC_OrganizedCrimeEnablers_Report_2012.pdf.<br />
55<br />
Europol and the Office for Harmonization in the Internal<br />
Market, “2015 Situation Report on Counterfeiting in the European<br />
Union,” (April 2015) at p.16, accessed from https://www.<br />
europol.europa.eu/content/2015-situation-report-counterfeiting-european-union.<br />
56<br />
See, 2016 OECD Report, at p.76.<br />
57<br />
See, 2016 OECD Report, at p.61.<br />
58<br />
See World Economic Forum “Global Agenda Council on Organized<br />
Crime: Organized Crime Enablers,” (July 2012) at p.5,<br />
accessed from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GAC_OrganizedCrimeEnablers_Report_2012.pdf.<br />
59<br />
Europol and the Office for Harmonization in the Internal<br />
Market “2015 Situation Report on Counterfeiting in the<br />
European Union,” (April 2015) at p.16, accessed from https://<br />
www.europol.europa.eu/content/2015-situation-report-counterfeiting-european-union;<br />
International Chamber of Commerce<br />
Business Action to Stop Counterfeiting and Piracy (BASCAP),<br />
“Controlling the Zone: Balancing Facilitation and Control to<br />
Combat Illicit Trade in the World’s Free Trade Zones” (May<br />
2013) at p.1, accessed from http://www.iccwbo.org/advocacy-codes-and-rules/bascap/international-engagement-and-advocacy/free-trade-zones/.<br />
See also International Trademark<br />
Association (INTA) “Resolution of the Anti-Counterfeiting &<br />
Enforcement Committee (ACEC): Role of Free Trade Zones<br />
and Free Ports in the Transshipment and Transit of Counterfeit<br />
Goods,” (November 2006), accessed from http://www.inta.org/<br />
Advocacy/Pages/RoleofFreeTradeZonesandFreePortsintheTransshipmentandTransitofCounterfeitGoods.aspx.<br />
to Hong Kong, sent by air to Dubai, passing through London<br />
Heathrow on the way to the Bahamas, where the organization<br />
kept a warehouse fulfillment center. From there, the drugs were<br />
sent to another organization in the U.K., which eventually sent<br />
the packages to the U.S.”). See also Kovacs, Laszlo, European<br />
Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, “Press Conference:<br />
EU Customs’ fight against the dangers of counterfeiting”<br />
(October 11, 2006) at pp.2-3 (“earlier this year, a shipment of<br />
350 kg of fake pharmaceuticals, which were stopped in the UK,<br />
were dispatched from China transiting through the United Arab<br />
Emirates, and then UK with a final destination in the Bahamas.<br />
The process is even more complicated because this was an<br />
internet order placed from Canada”), accessed from https://<br />
ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/docs/body/<br />
counterfeit_statistics2005_2006_11_10.pdf. See also Bogdanich,<br />
Walt, “Counterfeit Drugs’ Path Eased by Free Trade Zones”<br />
(The New York Times: December 17, 2007) (“[A]n examination<br />
of the case reveals its link to a complex supply chain of fake<br />
drugs that ran from China through Hong Kong, the United Arab<br />
Emirates, Britain and the Bahamas, ultimately leading to an Internet<br />
pharmacy whose American customers believed they were<br />
buying medicine from Canada, according to interviews with<br />
regulators and drug company investigators in six countries.”),<br />
accessed from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/17/world/middleeast/17freezone.html?_r=0.<br />
63<br />
See Section II. See also European Union Intellectual Property<br />
Office, “Research on Online Business Models Infringing<br />
Intellectual Property Rights: Phase 1 - Establishing an Overview<br />
of Online Business Models Intellectual Property Rights” (Phase<br />
1)” (July 2016) at pp. 4-9, accessed from https://euipo.europa.<br />
eu/tunnel-web/secure/webdav/guest/document_library/observatory/resources/Research_on_Online_Business_Models_IBM/<br />
Research_on_Online_Business_Models_IBM_en.pdf.<br />
64<br />
See Section II.<br />
65<br />
See Statement of Randall C. Coleman, Assistant Director Counterintelligence<br />
Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, before<br />
the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on<br />
Crime and Terrorism, “Economic Espionage and Trade Secret<br />
Theft: Are Our Laws Adequate for Today’s Threats?” (May 13,<br />
2014), accessed from https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/05-13-14ColemanTestimony.pdf.<br />
66<br />
See. e.g, United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau<br />
of Investigation, ”The Insider Threat: An Introduction to Detecting<br />
and Deterring an Insider Spy,” accessed from https://www.<br />
fbi.gov/file-repository/insider_threat_brochure.pdf/view.<br />
SECTION 1<br />
60<br />
World Customs Organization, “Illicit Trade Report 2014,”<br />
(2015) at p. 71, accessed from http://www.wcoomd.org/en/me-<br />
dia/newsroom/2015/december/~/media/6FDFF08E365E49D-<br />
49C0B6DC375C492B5.ashx.<br />
61<br />
United Nationals Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and<br />
World Customs Organization, “Global Container Analysis<br />
Report 2008,” (2008) at p.50, accessed from http://www.mcmullinpublishers.com/downloads/OMDrcEN08.pdf.<br />
62<br />
See, e.g., United States Government Accountability Office,<br />
“GAO-13-560: Internet Pharmacies: Federal Agencies and<br />
States Face Challenges Combating Rogue Sites, Particularly<br />
Those Abroad,” (July 2013) at pp.19-20, accessed from http://<br />
www.gao.gov/assets/660/655751.pdf. See also Toscano, Paul,<br />
“The Dangerous World of Counterfeit Prescription Drugs”<br />
(CNBC: October 4, 2011), accessed from http://www.cnbc.com/<br />
id/44759526 (reporting that in one case that led to seizures,<br />
“counterfeit drugs produced in China were transported by road<br />
67<br />
See Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, “Fact<br />
Sheet: Executive Order Blocking the Property of Certain<br />
Persons Engaging in Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities,”<br />
(April 1, 2015), accessed from https://www.whitehouse.<br />
gov/the-press-office/2015/04/01/fact-sheet-executive-order-blocking-property-certain-persons-engaging-si.<br />
68<br />
See United States Office of the National Counterintelligence<br />
Executive, “Foreign Spies Stealing US Economic Secrets in<br />
Cyberspace: Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection<br />
and Industrial Espionage, 2009-2011,” (October 2011) at<br />
p.i, accessed from https://www.ncsc.gov/publications/reports/<br />
fecie_all/Foreign_Economic_Collection_2011.pdf.<br />
69<br />
G20 Leaders’ Communique, Antalya, Turkey, (November 16,<br />
2015), accessed from http://pm.gc.ca/eng/news/2015/11/16/<br />
g20-leaders-communique.<br />
50