Wild Flowers of Pacific Union College
Pacific Union College is located in the California Floristic Province. Within the 1600 acre lot, PUC is home to a wide variety of plant specious including redwoods. This book catalogs these flowers by color and with a short description of each flowers unique characteristics.
Pacific Union College is located in the California Floristic Province. Within the 1600 acre lot, PUC is home to a wide variety of plant specious including redwoods. This book catalogs these flowers by color and with a short description of each flowers unique characteristics.
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<strong>Wild</strong>flowers<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Pacific</strong> <strong>Union</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
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<strong>Pacific</strong> <strong>Union</strong> <strong>College</strong><br />
<strong>Wild</strong>flowers<br />
Written by:Manuel B. Peralta<br />
Edited by: Aimee Wyrick -Brownworth M.Sc<br />
Photos by: Manuel B. Peralta, Haruka Ito, Scott I. Rhodius<br />
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Map <strong>of</strong> Area<br />
Region Description<br />
General Flower Parts<br />
Non- Natives<br />
Content<br />
vi-ii<br />
viii<br />
ix<br />
x-xi<br />
White <strong>Flowers</strong><br />
Arbutus menziesii (Madrone) 13<br />
Arctostaphylos stanfordiana (Manzanita) 14<br />
Calochortus tolmiei (Tolmie Star-tulip) 15<br />
Calystegia collina (Morning Glory) 16<br />
Cardamine californica (Bitter Cress) 17<br />
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (Ox-Eye Daisy) 18<br />
Claytonia perfoliata (Miners Lettuce) 19<br />
Cryptantha flaccida (Beaked Cryptantha) 20<br />
Fragaria vesca (<strong>Wild</strong> Strawberry) 21<br />
Galium aparine (Common Bedstraw) 22<br />
Leptosiphon parviflorus (Variable Linanthus) 23<br />
Limnanthes douglasii (Common Meadow Foam) 24<br />
Lithophragma heterophyllum (Woodland Star) 25<br />
Plantago lanceolata (English Plantain) 26<br />
Pyrola picta (White Veined Shinleaf) 27<br />
Raphanus sativus (<strong>Wild</strong> Radish) 28<br />
Scandix pecten-veneris (Shepherds Neddle) 29<br />
Spergula arvensis (Corn Spury) 30<br />
Stellaria media (Chickweed) 31<br />
Toxicodendron diversilobum (Poison Oak) 32<br />
Triteleia hyacinthina (<strong>Wild</strong> Hyacinth) 33<br />
Yellow to Orange <strong>Flowers</strong><br />
Agoseris agoseris (Mountain Dandelion) 35<br />
Amsinckia intermedia (Common Fiddleneck) 36<br />
Hirschfeldia incana (<strong>Wild</strong> Mustard) 37<br />
Calochortus amabilis (Diogenes Lantern) 38<br />
Eschscholzia californica (California Poppy) 39<br />
Hypericum concinnum (Gold Wire) 40<br />
Hypericum perforatum (Klamath Weed) 41<br />
Matricaria discoidea (Pineapple Weed) 42<br />
Medicago polymorpha (Bur Clover) 43<br />
Ranunculus occidentalis (Western Buttercup) 44<br />
Ranunculus californicus (Common Buttercup) 45<br />
Taraxia ovata (Sun Cups) 46<br />
Trifolium dubium (Shamrock) 47<br />
Verbascum blattaria (Moth Mullein) 48<br />
Viola lobata (Pine Violet) 49<br />
Wyethia angustifolia (California Compassplant) 50<br />
Red / Red-purple <strong>Flowers</strong><br />
Calycanthus occidentalis (Spicebush) 53<br />
Clarkia purpurea (Winecup Clarkia) 54<br />
Clarkia unguiculata (Elegant Clarkia) 55<br />
Collomia heterophylla (Varied Leaved Collomia) 56<br />
Erodium cicutarium (Redstem Stork Bill) 57<br />
Geranium molle (Coastal Heron’s Bill) 58<br />
Lathyrus latifolius (Everlating Pea) 59<br />
Lathyrus nevadensis (Sierra Pea) 60<br />
Pedicularis densiflora (Indian Warrior) 61<br />
Phlox gracilis (Slender Phlox) 62<br />
Polygala californica (California Milkwort) 63<br />
Rosa gymnocarpa (Wood Rose) 64<br />
Rumex acetosella (Common Sheep Sorrel) 65<br />
Trifolium depauperatum (Dwarf Sack Clover) 66<br />
Trifolium hirtum (Rose Clover) 67<br />
Trifolium willdenovii (Tomcat Clover) 68<br />
Vicia sativa (Spring Vetch) 69<br />
Vicia gigantea (Giant Vetch) 70<br />
Blue / Violet <strong>Flowers</strong><br />
Brodiaea elegans (Harvest Brodiaea) 72<br />
Ceanothus foliosus (Wavy Leaved Ceanothus) 73<br />
Collinsia heterophylla (Purple Chinese House) 74<br />
Cynoglossum grande (Grand Hounds-Tongue) 75<br />
Delphinium patens (Spreading Larkspur) 76<br />
Dichelostemma capitatum (Blue Dicks) 77<br />
Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) 78<br />
Iris macrosiphon (Bowltube Iris) 79<br />
Lupinus bicolor (Miniature Lupine) 80<br />
Lupinus nanus (Sky Lupine) 81<br />
Mimulus angustatus (Pansy Monkeyflower) 82<br />
Primula hendersonii (Foothill Shooting Star) 83<br />
Sisyrinchium bellum (Blue Eyed Grass) 84<br />
Downingia concolor (Spotted Throat Downingia ) 85<br />
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Trail Map<br />
vi<br />
vii<br />
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General Flower Parts<br />
Stigma<br />
Petal<br />
Anther<br />
Pistal<br />
Style<br />
Stamen<br />
Filament<br />
Ovary<br />
Peduncle<br />
Leaf<br />
<strong>Pacific</strong> <strong>Union</strong> <strong>College</strong> is located in the California Floristic<br />
Province where Mediterranean like climate favors the growth<br />
<strong>of</strong> diverse floral species. Within the 1600 acre lot, PUC is home<br />
to a wide varity <strong>of</strong> plant specious including redwoods. Climate<br />
is characterized by cold wet winters and hot dry summers<br />
with occasional cool summer days due to the marine fog that<br />
maintains the diverse plant species.<br />
Lateral Root<br />
PrimaryRoot<br />
viii<br />
ix<br />
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NON-NATIVE<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Genista monspessulana<br />
French Broom<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Spartium junceum<br />
Spanish Broom<br />
Non-native species or invasive species are plants and animals<br />
that do not naturally occur in a specific location. Many times<br />
these species have been brought by humans from different<br />
places and introduced to new environments. These introduced<br />
species have a higher chance <strong>of</strong> success due to the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
natural predators. Consequently, non-native species can come<br />
to dominate their new area and threaten native species to<br />
extinction.<br />
<strong>Pacific</strong> <strong>Union</strong> <strong>College</strong> has a variety <strong>of</strong> invasive species that have<br />
made this campus their home. Among these species are French<br />
Broom (Genista monspessulana), Spanish Broom (Spartium<br />
junceum), Armenian Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) and Big<br />
leaf Periwinkle (Vinca major) and have a negative impact on<br />
the native ecosystem. In some areas <strong>of</strong> the PUC acreage and<br />
Howell Mtn. these have overgrown native species. The best way<br />
to eradicate nonnative species is to hand pull them out <strong>of</strong> the<br />
ground and keep up with these efforts so that they don’t grow<br />
back.<br />
ROSACEAE<br />
Rubus armeniacus<br />
Armenian Blackberry<br />
APOCYNACEAE<br />
Vinca major<br />
Bigleaf Periwinkle<br />
x<br />
xi<br />
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White <strong>Flowers</strong><br />
ERICACEAE<br />
Arbutus menziesii<br />
Madrone<br />
A. menziesii is a tree commonly<br />
found on the coastal region <strong>of</strong> North<br />
America. Being an evergreen tree it<br />
contains leaves that can be attached<br />
for up to one year. The leaves are<br />
ovate with a thick waxy covering. Its<br />
white flowers are grouped in clumps<br />
like grapes. The flowers are easily<br />
recognizable for their resemblance<br />
to popcorn.<br />
Native<br />
13<br />
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ERICACEAE<br />
Arctostaphylos manzanita<br />
Perry Manzanita<br />
A. manzanita and other species <strong>of</strong> manzanita are known for<br />
its blood-red bark coloration. Growing up to 10 ft. in perfect<br />
conditions, this bushy shrub can be found growing on the edge<br />
<strong>of</strong> evergreen forest or chaparral. The leaves are oblong with<br />
a green sheen. <strong>Flowers</strong> are in clusters, consisting <strong>of</strong> urn like<br />
shapes.<br />
LILIACEAE<br />
Calachortus tolmiei<br />
Tolmie Star-Tulip<br />
C. tolmiei has a tiny flower that can<br />
be easily overlooked when hiking.<br />
This perennial herb produces a<br />
single white flower containing<br />
three petals. With a 2.5 centimeter<br />
diameter, the flower might appear<br />
larger for is hairy inner surface.<br />
Commonly found in the redwood<br />
forest, and can be seen blooming<br />
around the same time as the C.<br />
amabilis. (p.38)<br />
14 Native<br />
Native 15<br />
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CONVOLVULACEAE<br />
Calystegia collina<br />
Morning Glory<br />
BRASSICACEAE<br />
Cardamine californica<br />
Bitter Cress<br />
C. collina is an endemic plant species found in coastal and<br />
central regions <strong>of</strong> California. This flower can be commonly<br />
found growing in serpentine soil, or <strong>of</strong>ten on slopes. The plant<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> a rhizome root system that allows the plant to grow<br />
towards new location. The stem remains short and usually<br />
unnoticeable without close observation. The leaves are kidney<br />
shaped and sometimes deeply lobed. The plant is made <strong>of</strong> a<br />
single white flower with fused petals, and extend up to five<br />
centimeters when fully open.<br />
C. californica grows a region where environments change<br />
abruptly, this plant can be seen growing in a variety <strong>of</strong> habitats.<br />
Its range <strong>of</strong> habitats include shaded slopes, woodlands,<br />
chaparral, and roadside. Growing up to 1 ft. in height, each<br />
flower produced on a spike with white to light pink color. C.<br />
califonica can be confused with Raphanus sativus which can<br />
also be found in several colors. The main distinction between<br />
the two are the leaves; C. californica consists <strong>of</strong> three lobed<br />
leaves containing two leaflets and a large central terminal leaf.<br />
The petals are smooth and maintain smooth color all through<br />
16 Native<br />
the leaf.<br />
Native 17<br />
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ASTERACEAE<br />
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum<br />
Ox-eye Daisy<br />
C. leucanthemum has a large flower at the end <strong>of</strong> its erect stem<br />
growing up to 1-3 feet. Its leaves are spoon shaped with serrated<br />
edges. The yellow center <strong>of</strong> the flower is referred to as capitulum<br />
and is composed <strong>of</strong> many disk florets. The white “petals” are<br />
actually ray florets. This flower can be seen blooming though<br />
mid spring till mid-summer.<br />
MONTIACEAE<br />
Claytonia perfoliata<br />
Miner’s lettuce<br />
C. perfoliata is a plant that can be added to your salad! The<br />
umbrella like leaves are refered to as perfoliate and is used to<br />
identify this type <strong>of</strong> flower. It is commonly found around moist<br />
environments.<br />
18 Non-Native<br />
Native 19<br />
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BORAGINACEAE<br />
Cryptantha flaccida<br />
Beaked Cryptantha<br />
C. flaccida or beaked cryptantha has a<br />
tiny flower that can be found growing<br />
next to D. concolor (p.85) and M.<br />
angustatus (p.82). Growing from 4-13<br />
inches tall, this plant has linear to oblong<br />
leaves with tiny bristles surrounding the<br />
stem. The yellow structures seen at the<br />
base <strong>of</strong> the petals are referred to as the<br />
fornice or the corona.<br />
ROSACEAE<br />
Fragaria vesca<br />
<strong>Wild</strong> Strawberry<br />
F. vesca produces a sweet fruit that<br />
can delight anyone who finds it in<br />
the wild. Compared to store bought<br />
strawberries, wild strawberries are<br />
much smaller concentrating its<br />
sugars into a smaller area which<br />
results in a sweet berry. The plant is<br />
a small perennial herb that flowers<br />
about 4 to five berries per stalk,<br />
leaves <strong>of</strong> three are serrated.<br />
20 Native<br />
Native 21<br />
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RUBIACEAE<br />
Galium aparine<br />
Common Bedstraw<br />
G. aparine is nature’s velcro. This plant<br />
has tiny hook like hairs all through<br />
its leaves and stem. The plant creeps<br />
along the ground and attaches itself<br />
to other plants in order to growing up<br />
upwards to the sun. Leaves <strong>of</strong> 6 to 8<br />
are arranged in a whorl, and the tiny<br />
white flower emerges from in-between<br />
the leaf and stem.<br />
POLEMONIACEAE<br />
Leptosiphon parviflorus<br />
Linanthus<br />
L. parviflorus has a slender stalk that<br />
emerges from a dense group <strong>of</strong> leaves.<br />
The cluster <strong>of</strong> leaves are divided into<br />
several lobes, linear shaped, and extend<br />
to two centimeters in length. The<br />
flower can vary in color from yellowish<br />
white to a pinkish tint.<br />
22 Native<br />
Native 23<br />
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LIMNANTHACEAE<br />
Limnanthes douglasii<br />
Common Meadow Foam<br />
L. douglasii is used in cosmetics by<br />
extracting the oil from its seeds. The<br />
inflorescence consists <strong>of</strong> heart shaped<br />
petals with anthers that are flattened<br />
that appear fused to the petals. The<br />
leaves are deeply lobed, appearing<br />
linear.<br />
SAXIFRAGACEAE<br />
Lithophragma heterophyllum<br />
Woodland Star<br />
L. hetrophyllum consists <strong>of</strong> leaves that<br />
grow near the bottom <strong>of</strong> the stem<br />
and it’s most <strong>of</strong>ten found leafless. 3-12<br />
flowers connect to a brown-colored<br />
“stem” called a peduncle. <strong>Flowers</strong> have<br />
a cup shaped calyx with sepals that are<br />
red in color.<br />
24 Native<br />
Native 25<br />
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PLANTAGINACEAE<br />
Plantago lanceolata<br />
English Plantain<br />
P. lanceolata is a plant that is known for its lanceolate basal<br />
leaves, with about 5 parallel veins. The stem grows erect<br />
to about two to four feet in height. Flower is an ovoid<br />
inflorescence with many small pointed bracts.<br />
ERICACEAE<br />
Pyrola picta<br />
White Veined Shinleaf<br />
P. picta or white veined shinleaf,<br />
is restricted to dry forests at mid<br />
elevation. The rosetted white veined<br />
leaves are commonly found growing at<br />
the base. The flower grows in clusters<br />
on the upper stem with a white pinkish<br />
petals.<br />
26 Non-Native<br />
Native 27<br />
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BRASSICACEAE<br />
Raphanus sativus<br />
<strong>Wild</strong> Radish<br />
R. sativus is an abundant species that<br />
grows in open woodlands and meadows.<br />
This flower is found in several colors<br />
including white, pink and yellow. The<br />
most noticeable characteristic is the<br />
four petals with pronounced veins.<br />
APIACEAE<br />
Scandix pecten-veneris<br />
Shepherds Needle<br />
S. pectin-veneris is a plant that can be easily identified for its<br />
needle like fruit that develops from a tiny white flower. Leaves<br />
are narrowly segmented and deeply divided. It blooms during<br />
early spring season, where soils are moist and partly shaded.<br />
28 Non-Native<br />
Non-Native 29<br />
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CARYOPHYLLACEAE<br />
Spergula arvensis<br />
Corn Spurry<br />
S. arvensis or corn spurry is a plant that can quickly cover a<br />
large area using creeping roots. Its noticeable characteristics<br />
are its whorled linear leaves that grow segmentally. <strong>Flowers</strong><br />
with five petals and five sepals that are smooth inside and<br />
hairy outside.<br />
CARYOPHYLLACEAE<br />
Stellaria media<br />
Chickweed<br />
S. media is an edible plant that has<br />
been used by many. This plant has<br />
unique characteristics such as is deeply<br />
lobed petals, its sessile leafs that are<br />
directly attached to the petiole, and the<br />
fine hairs grow on a single side <strong>of</strong> the<br />
stem and sepals.<br />
30 Non-Native<br />
Non-Native 31<br />
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ANACARDIACEAE<br />
Toxicodendron diversilobum<br />
Poison Oak<br />
THEMIDACEAE<br />
Triteleia hyacinthina<br />
<strong>Wild</strong> Hyacinth<br />
T. diversilobum has a small white starshaped<br />
flower, but is better identified by<br />
T. hyacinthia or wild hyacinth has a close resemblance to D.<br />
capitatum (p.77). Growing from a corm, it produces two or three<br />
its leaves <strong>of</strong> three. It grows in mostly<br />
basal parallel veined leaves and a smooth tall stem. About 10-<br />
every habitat in Angwin with a wide<br />
12 flowers are arrange in an umbel, a cluster <strong>of</strong> pedicels rising<br />
range <strong>of</strong> green to brown orange leaf<br />
from a common point. From the pedicel, the flowers have funnel<br />
colors. If you ever come in contact with<br />
shape with greenish veins running along the underside center<br />
poison oak, wash the contaminated<br />
<strong>of</strong> each petal.<br />
area well with soap and cold water. The<br />
oils <strong>of</strong> this plant can linger and transfer<br />
to other parts <strong>of</strong> your body and even to<br />
other people if not washed.<br />
32 Native<br />
Native 33<br />
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Yellow to Orange<br />
<strong>Flowers</strong><br />
ASTERACEAE<br />
Agoseris heterophylla<br />
Mountain Dandelion<br />
A.agoseris has a flower that is composed<br />
<strong>of</strong> many smaller flowers. The bright<br />
yellow petals are in fact individual<br />
flower that make up the composite<br />
flower. The leaves are serrated and are<br />
found at the bottom <strong>of</strong> the plant.<br />
34 Native 35<br />
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BORAGINACE<br />
Amsinckia intermedia<br />
Common Fiddleneck<br />
BRASSICACEAE<br />
Hirschfeldia incana<br />
<strong>Wild</strong> Mustard<br />
A. intermedia is an annual plant that can<br />
grow from 7 to 35 inches tall. Stiff hairs<br />
H. incana blooms early to mid-spring<br />
called trichomes extend from the stem,<br />
growing abundantly in disturbed areas.<br />
leaves, and even the calyx. The flowers<br />
The stem is gray greenish with lower<br />
are small and yellow with orange spots at<br />
rosette leaves, and upper leaves that are<br />
the base <strong>of</strong> each petal. The inflorescence is<br />
lanceolate. The yellow flower has four<br />
arranged in a spiral that uncoils as flowers<br />
petals with four yellow to green pistils.<br />
mature and bloom. Blooming can be seen<br />
Each cluster <strong>of</strong> flowers grows from the<br />
during the late spring and early summer.<br />
apex <strong>of</strong> each raceme.<br />
A. intermedia are commonly found in<br />
grasslands and dry disturbed environments.<br />
36 Native Non-Native 37<br />
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LILIACEAE<br />
Calochortus amabilis<br />
Diogenes Lantern<br />
C. amabilis also known as Golden fairy lantern or Diogenes<br />
lantern, consists <strong>of</strong> a bell like flower with three petals. Each<br />
petal has tiny hairs covering the inner part, and with a smooth<br />
outer surface. The sepals are lanceolate and 15-20 mm in length.<br />
The leaves are basal, parallel vain, and about 50 mm long. It has<br />
a bulb that producs smaller bulbils that grow into new plants.<br />
These flowers can be found growing in groups around dry slopes<br />
<strong>of</strong> open woodland.<br />
PAPAVERACEAE<br />
Eschscholzia californica<br />
California Poppy<br />
E. californica is a perennial plant<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> four petals with a color<br />
range between yellow and orange. The<br />
flower develops with a calyptra, a green<br />
cocoon like protective structure. Once<br />
the flower blooms out <strong>of</strong> the calyptra<br />
falls <strong>of</strong>f. The flower opens and closes<br />
depending on time <strong>of</strong> day and weather<br />
conditions.<br />
38 Native<br />
Native 39<br />
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HYPERICACEAE<br />
Hypericum concinnum<br />
Gold Wire<br />
H. concinnum, and H. perforatum might seem to be the same<br />
but at a second glance you may see distinct characteristics that<br />
set them apart. While they both have flowers that are 2 inches<br />
long, H. concinnum consists <strong>of</strong> a more robust appearance. The<br />
leaves are linear resembling the shaped <strong>of</strong> a canoe, with sharp<br />
tapered ends. The flower is composed <strong>of</strong> five yellow petals with<br />
pin-head, needle-like stamen.<br />
HYPERICACEAE<br />
Hypericum perforatum<br />
Klamath Weed<br />
Unlike H. concinnum, H. perforatum is found growing<br />
abundantly throughout California. While both have opposite<br />
leaves, H. perforatum leaves are flat, elliptical and with blunt<br />
tips. This plant in particular is poisonous to livestock but<br />
medically beneficial to humans.<br />
40 Native<br />
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ASTERACEAE<br />
Matricaria discoidea<br />
Pineapple Weed<br />
M. discoidea is a compound flower that is commonly found<br />
growing near road sides and disturbed areas. This weed when<br />
smashed between your fingers releases an aroma that smells<br />
like a pineapple. The leaves are uniquely arranged in a feathery<br />
appearance and are deeply lobed.<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Medicago polymorpha<br />
Bur Clover<br />
M. polymopha is an invasive species <strong>of</strong> plant found growing<br />
everywhere. The small yellow flower and leaflets form in sets <strong>of</strong><br />
threes. The plant is known for its furry fruit that gets stuck to<br />
anything that passes by it.<br />
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RANUNCULACEAE<br />
Ranunculus occidentalis<br />
Western Buttercup<br />
R. occidentalis is also confused with other buttercup species,<br />
however this species has notable distinction that helps with its<br />
identification. The flower consists <strong>of</strong> five petals that are evenly<br />
spaced, with a reflective sepal. The leaves are widely spaced,<br />
parted in threes, and with rounded tips. The lower stem and<br />
leaves are covered with tiny hairs.<br />
RANUNCULACEAE<br />
Ranunculus californicus<br />
California Buttercup<br />
R. californicus can be mistaken for other buttercups species but<br />
it has unique characteristics that help you correctly identify<br />
it. The first distinction is the number <strong>of</strong> petals, consisting <strong>of</strong><br />
about 8-16 or more petals in a single flower. The leaves are<br />
deeply lobed/parted, segments are undivided, and tips are acute<br />
to round. These flowers can be seen blooming from early spring<br />
to mid-spring.<br />
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ONAGRACEAE<br />
Taraxia ovata<br />
Sun Cups<br />
T. ovata is found in grasslands where it grows close to the ground.<br />
This plant can become easily lost among neighboring grasses.<br />
It has four yellow petals that similarly resemble tea cups. Its<br />
stemless feature allow for the leaves to grow in a rosette where<br />
the flower emerges from the center <strong>of</strong> the rosette.<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Trifolium dubium<br />
Shamrock<br />
T. dubium is a plant that is wide-spread<br />
through the US and found growing<br />
disturbed locations. This plant has<br />
small pale-flowers with leaflets <strong>of</strong> three,<br />
it can sometimes be confused with M.<br />
polymorpha (p.43).<br />
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SCROPHULARIACEAE<br />
Verbascum blattaria<br />
Moth Mullein<br />
V. blattaria is a biannual plant with two growth stages. The<br />
first year the plant develops basal leaves with a relatively small<br />
stem. During the second year the flower grows up to four feet<br />
producing loosely scattered flowers stalk along its inflorescence.<br />
Its species name blattaria originates from the plant’s reputed<br />
ability to repel cockroaches.<br />
VIOLACEAE<br />
Viola lobata<br />
Pine Violet<br />
V. lobata is a perennial plant that loves<br />
to grow in shady, moist environments.<br />
The flower consists <strong>of</strong> five brightly<br />
yellow petals, the lower petal having<br />
noticeable brown venation. On the back<br />
side <strong>of</strong> the petals only the two upper<br />
once have a dark red-brown color. The<br />
leaves have various shapes, dominantly<br />
being palmate with deep lobes.<br />
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ASTERACEAE<br />
Wyethia angustifolia<br />
California Compassplant<br />
W. angustifolia is one <strong>of</strong> several mule<br />
ear species found in Napa County. A<br />
main characteristics <strong>of</strong> this flower is its<br />
narrow green phyllaries; a bract that<br />
forms bellow a composite flower. The<br />
leaves are basal, with narrow parallel<br />
venation. These growing abundantly<br />
in clumps this plant can found in open<br />
grassland meadows.<br />
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Red to Pink<br />
<strong>Flowers</strong><br />
CALYCANTHACEAE<br />
Calycanthus occidentalis<br />
Spicebush<br />
C. occidentalis is an endemic plant<br />
species in California. This deciduous<br />
shrub grows to about 15 feet tall. The<br />
flower has numerous petals that are<br />
red-burgundy color. The leaves are<br />
broad, ovate, oppositely growing from<br />
each other. The bark is dark brown<br />
with a similar aroma to camphor.<br />
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ONAGRACEAE<br />
Clarkia purpurea<br />
Winecup Clarkia<br />
C. purpurea is an annual plant that grows in diverse<br />
environments. During the spring, a thin stalk grows to about<br />
three feet with narrow lance shape leaves followed by an elegant<br />
cup shape flower. The inflorescence has four flowers that range<br />
from pink to burgundy with chardonnay red heart shape spots.<br />
ONAGRACEAE<br />
Clarkia unguiculata<br />
Elegant Clarkia<br />
C. unguiculata is an endemic plant to California that grows<br />
mainly in oak woodland habitats. The slender stalk is commonly<br />
found leafless and with multiple flowers. The flower has paddle<br />
shape petals that are pink with small dots at the base <strong>of</strong> each<br />
petal.<br />
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POLEMONIACEAE<br />
Collomia heterophylla<br />
Varied Leaf Collomia<br />
C. heterophylla is a hearty plant that grows in diverse habitats.<br />
The leaves vary in shape and appearance; basal leaves tend to<br />
be lobed with toothed edges while upper leaves lack lobes and<br />
toothed edges. The flowers are star-shaped with pink tips, and<br />
an elongated white tube. On some occasions this plant is found<br />
having clusters <strong>of</strong> flowers <strong>of</strong> up to 20 per plant.<br />
GERANIACEAE<br />
Erodium cicutarium<br />
Coastal Heron’s Bill<br />
E. cicutarium is a plant that grows<br />
abundantly across North America.<br />
This flower has three lower and two upper<br />
pink purple petals. Both the steam<br />
and the leaves are covered with hairs<br />
that feel sticky. The most noticeable<br />
characteristic is its long and narrow<br />
fruit that resembles the bill <strong>of</strong> a heron.<br />
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GERANIACEAE<br />
Geranium molle<br />
Crane’s Bill Geranium<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Lathyrus latifolius<br />
Everlasting Pea<br />
L. latifolius has invaded many<br />
G. molle grows from 2-10 inches tall, extending out with many<br />
road sides and grows abundantly in<br />
branches. The leaves are palmate with deep cuts. The flower has<br />
disturbed habitats. The stem is winged<br />
pink to purple petals with blue stamen. Each petal is jagged<br />
making it look rectangular in cross<br />
with deep cut making it look like two individual petals.<br />
section. The oblong to ovate leaves<br />
are compound and consist <strong>of</strong> winged<br />
petiole. The flowers emerge from the<br />
axil <strong>of</strong> the leaves with pink to purple<br />
petals that have an upper petal with<br />
a lower keel that is enclosed by two<br />
lateral petals.<br />
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FABACEAE<br />
Lathyrus vestitus<br />
<strong>Pacific</strong> Pea<br />
L. vestitus ranges from chaparral to<br />
woodland habitats. It is a vine with<br />
leaves that are oblong and composed<br />
<strong>of</strong> several leaflets that extend out<br />
with curly tendrils. The inflorescence<br />
includes a dense clusters <strong>of</strong> 15 flowers<br />
that vary in color from pink to dark<br />
purple.<br />
OROBANCHACEAE<br />
Pedicularis densiflora<br />
Indian Warrior<br />
P. densiflora is commonly found near oak or conifer trees. This<br />
is considered a parasitic plant that depends on nutrients <strong>of</strong><br />
other trees, but unlike many parasitic plants P. densiflora is<br />
able to survive without the aid <strong>of</strong> other trees. The leaves are<br />
tripinnatifid and resemble a fern. The flower has bright pink red<br />
to dark red petals with spiky tips. This plant is commonly used<br />
in tinctures for its relaxing effect.<br />
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POLEMONIACEAE<br />
Phlox gracilis<br />
Slender Phlox<br />
P. gracilis is an annual plant that grows erect with lance shaped<br />
leaves. The flower has a tubular throat and calyx. The pink<br />
petals are heart shape with purple spots located at the base <strong>of</strong><br />
each petal.<br />
POLYGALACEAE<br />
Polygala californica<br />
California Milkwort<br />
P. californica is a decumbent plant that lays along the ground<br />
with its extremities curving upwards and has pink flower. The<br />
leaves are long and ovate, with a small cluster <strong>of</strong> flowers pointed<br />
upwards with wing like sepal that are larger than the petals.<br />
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ROSACEAE<br />
Rosa gymnocarpa<br />
Wood Rose<br />
R. gymnocarpa is found deep within the forest where there are<br />
plenty <strong>of</strong> soil nutrients, moisture and shade. This shrub can<br />
grow quite large with long spines along the stem. The leaves are<br />
ovate with serrated edges. The flower has five petals that are<br />
bright pink to lavender with yellow stamens and pistil. these<br />
flowers will always catch your eye as they brighten up the forest.<br />
POLYGONACEAE<br />
Rumex acetosella<br />
Common Sheep Sorrel<br />
R. acetosella is usually found growing in<br />
acidic soils and is the first to invade new<br />
unpopulated areas. The slender stalk<br />
produces small yellowish to reddish<br />
flowers that look like small globes from<br />
a distance. The leaves are linear and<br />
resembles a sword and are found on the<br />
lower part <strong>of</strong> the plant.<br />
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FABACEAE<br />
Trifolium depauperatum<br />
Dwarf Sack Clover<br />
T. depauperatum is a hearty plant that<br />
tolerates habitats from coastal prairies<br />
to mixed evergreen forests. This plant<br />
grows upright with oblong leaves. The<br />
most noticeable feature is its flowers,<br />
the pink flower inflates as its fruit<br />
becomes to mature.<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Trifolium hirtum<br />
Rose Clover<br />
T. hirtum is commonly recognized for its trifoliate leaves that<br />
are arranged in threes. This harry plant grows erect with an<br />
inflorescence that has many florets packed together. It is able<br />
to tolerate dry soils and so is abundant in many parts <strong>of</strong><br />
California.<br />
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FABACEAE<br />
Trifolium willdenovii<br />
Tomcat Clover<br />
T. willdenovii is commonly found<br />
in grasslands in coastal regions <strong>of</strong><br />
California. The leaves are trifoliate<br />
with lanceolate to ovate appearance.<br />
The petals are with white to dark<br />
purple splotches. The compact flower<br />
has two upper petals in the shape <strong>of</strong> a<br />
heart and two smaller lower petals with<br />
white tips that cover a fifth petal below.<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Vicia sativa<br />
Spring Vetch<br />
V. sativa as well as V. villosa (p.70) belong to a plant family that<br />
hosts symbiotic nitrogen-fixing. This plant has alternate leaves<br />
that are oblong to lance shape with needle-like tips. A single<br />
flower grows out from the axil with bright pink petals.<br />
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Violet to Blue<br />
<strong>Flowers</strong><br />
FABACEAE<br />
Vicia villosa<br />
Hairy Vetch<br />
V. villosa is an invasive species in California but grows naturally<br />
in Europe. The leaves are compound with opposite leaflets. The<br />
inflorescence bears about 10-20 flowers along the stalk rangingin<br />
color from purple to blue. This plant is used in agriculture as a<br />
form <strong>of</strong> no-till farming for its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen<br />
and make it available in the soil.<br />
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Native<br />
THEMIDACEAE<br />
Brodiaea elegans<br />
Harvest Brodiaea<br />
B. elegans is found in open woodlands and meadows <strong>of</strong><br />
California. The blue-purple petals elegantly curve out and taper<br />
at the ends. Its most distinguishable feature is its staminode<br />
which resembles a stamen without anthers.<br />
RHAMNACEAE<br />
Ceanothus foliosus<br />
Wavyleaf Ceanothus<br />
C. foliosus is a shrub that grows in serpentine rich soils and<br />
exposed to lots <strong>of</strong> sunlight. This shrub is commonly grows to<br />
about three feet and is filled with brilliant blue flowers with<br />
yellow pin-head anthers. The leaves are small with wavy edges<br />
and a waxy layer lines the leaves making it shinny.<br />
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PLANTAGINACEAE<br />
Collinsia heterophylla<br />
Chinese-Houses<br />
C. heterophylla is an annual plant which grows along shaded<br />
areas. This plant closely resembles a pagoda as its towering<br />
inflorescence develops in several whorls <strong>of</strong> flower. The violet<br />
purple flower make for a perfect garden plant as it attracts bees<br />
and the California native checkerspot butterfly.<br />
BORAGINACEAE<br />
Cynoglossum grande<br />
Grand Hounds-Tongue<br />
C. grande can be found growing in<br />
chaparral or oak woodlands where<br />
it can grow up to three feet tall. The<br />
basal leaves are ovate and can be up<br />
to 5 inches long. The inflorescence is<br />
arranged loosely in branching cluster<br />
extending out <strong>of</strong> a single peduncle. The<br />
flower has five bright blue petals with<br />
white appendages at the base <strong>of</strong> each<br />
petal.<br />
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RANUNCULACEAE<br />
Delphinium patens<br />
Spreding Larkspur<br />
D. patens is a perennial plant that<br />
grows up to 8 inches tall and bears<br />
anywhere from 1-30 flowers per<br />
plant. The flower has dark blue<br />
petals and sepals, the leaves are<br />
deeply lobed parting in threes or<br />
nines.<br />
THEMIDACEAE<br />
Dichelostemma capitatum<br />
Blue Dicks<br />
D. capitatum has a slender stalk that<br />
bears a cluster <strong>of</strong> 5-15 flowers. At<br />
the base it produces two or three thin<br />
parallel-veined leaves that extend<br />
to about 12 inches. The flower has<br />
purple triangular sepals with these<br />
varying from white, pink, blue or<br />
purple in color.<br />
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PLANTAGINACEAE<br />
Digitalis purpurea<br />
Foxglove<br />
D. purpurea is a perennial plant that can grow to seven feet. The<br />
leaves are large and most are found near the base <strong>of</strong> the stalk.<br />
Numerous tube like flowers adorn the stalk and petals are white<br />
to pink purple with darker spots on the lower inside surface.<br />
IRIDACEAE<br />
Iris macrosiphon<br />
Bowltube Iris<br />
I. macrosiphon is easily identified by<br />
its deep purple flower and its greenish<br />
gray leaves. In some areas <strong>of</strong> greater<br />
sunlight this plant develops closely<br />
to the ground resulting in shorter<br />
stems. The paralleled veined leaves<br />
contain two fibers that were favored<br />
in aboriginal California for making<br />
fish nets, deer snares, and other useful<br />
items.<br />
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FABACEAE<br />
Lupinus bicolor<br />
Miniature Lupine<br />
L.bicolor or miniature lupine is similar to L. nanus (p.81) but is<br />
much smaller. Its noticeably hairy stem and leaves are a good<br />
way to confirm identification. The cluster <strong>of</strong> flowers growing<br />
around the stem is referred to as the inflorescence and it is<br />
about 3 inches in length. The flower is bicolored; lower petals<br />
are blue and the upper petals are white.<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Lupinus nanus<br />
Sky Lupine<br />
L. nanus or sky lupine is a common plant found in coastal<br />
environments as well as in chaparral. The leaves are linear and<br />
palmate with tapered ends. The flower has two upper petals<br />
(banner) which are white and two lower petals (wings) that are<br />
usually blue or purple. The keel is a petal covered by the wings<br />
that resembles a claw and is covered with tiny hairs.<br />
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PHRYMACEAE<br />
Mimulus angustatus<br />
Pansy Monkeyflower<br />
M.angustatus or pansy monkey flower is <strong>of</strong>ten fund growing<br />
next to D. concolor (p.85) and C. flaccida (p.20) in moist<br />
meadows. This tiny plant has linear leaves that extend about<br />
1-3 cm long and tubular calyx and the throat <strong>of</strong> the flower is<br />
covered with tiny hairs. The corolla is a bright pink magenta<br />
color with yellow dots on the lower “lips” <strong>of</strong> the flower.<br />
PRIMULACEAE<br />
Primula hendersonii<br />
Mosquito Bill<br />
P. hendersonii or mosquito bill star is a found in open woodlands<br />
from sea level to mountainous environments. The leaves are<br />
orbicular to ovate, forming a cluster <strong>of</strong> leaves at the base. The<br />
flower is bent downwards and its petals are reflexed backwards<br />
exposing the inner part <strong>of</strong> the flower. The coloration varies<br />
between magenta, deep purple and white.<br />
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IRIDACEAE<br />
Sisyrinchium bellum<br />
Western Blue-Eyed Grass<br />
S. bellum is known as blue-eyed grass and is commonly found on<br />
grassy slopes and in the redwood forest. The thin grassy stem<br />
reaches about 1 to 2 feet in height. Its true blue shiny petals<br />
and yellow pistil make this flower easy to identify.<br />
CAMPANULACEAE<br />
Downingia concolor<br />
Spotted Throat Downingia<br />
D. concolor or spotted throat downingia is endemic to California<br />
where it grows in moist ecosystems. This flower has two upper<br />
petals that resemble horns and three lower lobed petals that are<br />
fused. D.concolor can either be purple or blue color with a dark<br />
black throat, and can be found with occasional yellow speckles.<br />
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References<br />
Index<br />
DiTomaso, J.M., G.B. Kyser et al. 2013. Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western<br />
United States. Weed Research and Information center, University <strong>of</strong> California. 544 pp.<br />
Baldwin, Bruce G., Douglas H. Goldman, and Linda Ann Vorobik. The Jepson Manual: Vascular<br />
Plants <strong>of</strong> California. 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: U <strong>of</strong> California, 2012. Print.<br />
Niehaus, T. F., & Ripper, C. L. 1976. A field guide to <strong>Pacific</strong> States wildflowers: Washington,<br />
Oregon, California and adjacent areas. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.<br />
Harris, James G., and Melinda Woolf Harris. Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary.<br />
Spring Lake: Spring Lake Publ., 2000. Print.<br />
Calflora - Search for Plants. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2016, from http://www.calflora.org/<br />
Gerritsen, M. E., & Parsons, R. 2007. Calochortus: Mariposa lilies & their relatives. Portland, Or.: Timber Press.<br />
ANACARDIACEAE<br />
Toxicodendron diversilobium<br />
APIACEAE<br />
Scandix pectin-veneris<br />
ASTERACEAE<br />
Agoseris heterophylla<br />
Chrystanthemum leucanthemum<br />
Matricaria discoidea<br />
Wyethia angustifolia<br />
BORAGINACEAE<br />
Amsinckia intermedia<br />
Cryptantha flaccida<br />
Cynoglossum grande<br />
BRASSICACEAE<br />
Cardamine californica<br />
Hirschfeldia incana<br />
Raphanus sativus<br />
CALYCANTHACEAE<br />
Calycanthus occidentalis<br />
CAMPANULACEAE<br />
Downingia concolor<br />
CARYOPHYLLACEAE<br />
Spergula arvensis<br />
Stellaria media<br />
CONVOVULACEAE<br />
Calystegia collina<br />
ERICACEAE<br />
Arbutus menziesii<br />
Arctostaphylos manzanita<br />
Pyrola picta<br />
FABACEAE<br />
Lathyrus latifolius<br />
Lathyrus vestitus<br />
Lupinus bicolor<br />
Lupinus nanus<br />
Medicago polymorpha<br />
Trifolium depauperatum<br />
Trifolium dubium<br />
Trifolium hirtum<br />
Trifolium willdenovii<br />
Vicia sativa<br />
Vicia villosa<br />
GERANIACEAE<br />
Erodium cicutarium<br />
Geranium molle<br />
HYPERICACEAE<br />
Hypericum concinnum<br />
Hypericum perforatum<br />
IRIDACEAE<br />
Iris macrosiphon<br />
Sisyrinchium bellum<br />
LILIACEAE<br />
Calochortus amabilis<br />
Calochortus tolmiei<br />
LIMNANTHACEAE<br />
Limnanthes douglasii<br />
MONTIACEAE<br />
Claytonia perfoliata<br />
ONAGRACEAE<br />
Clarkia purpurea<br />
Clarkia unguiculata<br />
Taraxia ovata<br />
OROBANCHACEAE<br />
Pedicularis densiflora<br />
PAPAVERACEAE<br />
Eschscholzia californica<br />
PHRYMACEAE<br />
Mimulus augustatus<br />
PLANTAGINACEAE<br />
Collinsia heterophylla<br />
Digitalis purpurea<br />
Plantago lanceolata<br />
POLEMONIACEAE<br />
Collomia heterophylla<br />
Leptosiphon parviflorus<br />
Phlox gracilis<br />
POLYGALACEAE<br />
Polygala californica<br />
POLYGONACEAE<br />
Rumex acetosella<br />
PRIMULACEAE<br />
Primula hendersonii<br />
RANUNCULACEAE<br />
Delphinium patens<br />
Ranunculus californicus<br />
Ranunculus occidentalis<br />
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RHAMNACEAE<br />
Ceanothus foliosus<br />
ROSACEAE<br />
Fragaria vesca<br />
Rosa gymnocarpa<br />
RUBIACEAE<br />
Galium aparine<br />
SAXIFRAGACEAE<br />
Lithophragma heterophyllum<br />
SCROPHULARIACEAE<br />
Verbascum blattaria<br />
THEMIDACEAE<br />
Brodiaea elegans<br />
Dichelostemma capitatum<br />
Triteleia hyacinthina<br />
VIOLACEAE<br />
Viola lobata<br />
Agoseris agoseris 35<br />
Amsinckia intermedia 36<br />
Arbutus menziesii 13<br />
Arctostaphylos manzanita 14<br />
Brassica incana 37<br />
Brodiaea elegans 72<br />
Calochortus tolmiei15<br />
Calochortus amabilis 38<br />
Calycanthus occidentalis 53<br />
Calystegia collina 16<br />
Cardamine californica 17<br />
Ceanothus foliosus 73<br />
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 18<br />
Clarkia purpurea 54<br />
Clarkia unguiculata 55<br />
Claytonia perfoliata 19<br />
Collinsia heterophylla 74<br />
Collomia heterophylla 56<br />
Cryptantha flaccida 20<br />
Cynoglossum grande 75<br />
Delphinium patens 76<br />
Dicholostemma capitatum 77<br />
Digitalis purpurea 78<br />
Downingia concolor 85<br />
Erodium cicutarium 57<br />
Eschscholzia californica 39<br />
Fragaria vesca 21<br />
Gallium aparine 22<br />
Geranium molle 58<br />
Hypericum concinnum 40<br />
Hypericum perforatum 41<br />
Iris macrosiphon 79<br />
Lathyrus latifolius 59<br />
Lathyrus nevadensis 60<br />
Leptosiphon parviflorus 23<br />
Limnanthes douglasii 24<br />
Lithophragma hetrophyllum 25<br />
Lupinus bicolor 80<br />
Lupinus discoidea 81<br />
Matricaria dicoidea 42<br />
Medicago polymorpha 43<br />
Mimulus angustatus 82<br />
Pedicularis densiflora 61<br />
Phlox gracilis 62<br />
Plantago lanceolate 26<br />
Polygala californica 63<br />
Primula hendersonii 83<br />
Pyrola picta 27<br />
Ranunculus californicus 45<br />
Ranunculus occidentalis 44<br />
Raphanus sativus 28<br />
Rosa gymnocarpa 64<br />
Rumex acetosella 65<br />
Scandix pectin-veneris 29<br />
Sisyrinchium bellum 84<br />
Spergula arvensis 30<br />
Stellaria media 31<br />
Taraxia ovata 46<br />
Toxicodendron diverdilobum 32<br />
Trifolium depauperatum 66<br />
Trifolium dubium 47<br />
Trifolium hirtum 67<br />
Trifolium willdenovii 68<br />
Triteleia hyacinthina 33<br />
Verbascum blattaria 48<br />
Vicia villosa 70<br />
Vicia sativa 69<br />
Viola lobata 49<br />
Wyethia angustifolia 50<br />
88 89<br />
Book Layout.indd 88-89<br />
12/6/2016 5:08:13 PM
Field Notes<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
6 7<br />
Book Layout.indd 90-91<br />
12/6/2016 5:08:14 PM
Field Notes<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
6 7<br />
Book Layout.indd 92-93<br />
12/6/2016 5:08:14 PM