Is headspace making a difference to young people’s lives?

Evaluation-of-headspace-program Evaluation-of-headspace-program

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3. Access and Engagement with Centres Figure 3.10 Distribution of headspace clients by travel distance to headspace centre Source: Authors calculations from hCSA data. This finding indicates that additional support or alternative models of service delivery may be required to engage young people who reside more than 10 kilometres from a headspace centre. During interviews with young people and headspace staff, a lack of transport options or money to afford travel costs to a centre were identified as problematic for young people living in regional and remote areas. Some young people commented that they had received assistance in getting to a headspace centre: It’s really easy because, like, my mum works so sometimes I can’t, but if you call them and then they call a taxi and then the taxis have a thing that’s, like, it’s all free and everything. So it makes it really, really easy to get here because there have been times that I can’t. (Female, 17 years) As indicated in the quote below though, the provision of assistance with cost of taxis and train fares is not only helpful for some young people that live a distance from the centre, but also for young people who simply have no money: We have some young people that ring up and say “My Centrelink payment hasn’t come in, I can’t get there”. They don’t have even the money to get onto the [transport] card to get onto public transport to get here, so money is definitely an issue. (Receptionist/Admin). Practical barriers such as centre opening hours and lack of transport During interviews, a few young people commented on the challenges of attending centres that do not provide extended opening hours. Because it’s only open 8.00 to 5.00 Monday to Friday; it’s not open on the weekends. Well, I know some kids would be at school and they wouldn’t be willing to skip school or anything to come and get help because then they get in trouble (Female, 24 years). There’s kind of a general assumption made that people don’t have nine to five jobs, which is, to be perfectly honest, generally true - quite a lot of people don’t. But also people have school, and especially when they’re doing their [Year 12 or equivalent qualification] … that’s a difficulty, because they need to be at school, or I need to be at work. (Male, 18 years) A number of parents were critical of centres that did not offer extended opening hours as this meant that they had to take time off work to transport their young person to headspace. As indicated by Table 3.4 below, a substantial proportion of clients had to wait for more than two weeks before receiving a service from headspace. Social Policy Research Centre 2015 headspace Evaluation Final Report 32

3. Access and Engagement with Centres The stigma of mental illness The most frequently identified service barrier mentioned was the stigma associated with mental health problems and the inaccurate representations of people with mental disorders. Young people frequently described their initial reluctance to attend headspace centres because they themselves believed– or feared others saying– that this meant that they would be considered ‘crazy, psychotic or anything like that’. For some young people who attended headspace, this meant that they were careful about disclosing their help seeking: If someone said, “Oh, why can’t we catch up?” You said, “Oh, because I’ve got a headspace appointment.” They’d be, like, “What’s wrong? What’s going on with you?” People would be all nosy and then people would, like, mock you for being depressed and stuff like that. (Female, 14 years) One participant felt that the stigma issue was greater for young people in small towns where they could be recognised when entering headspace offices. She felt that this was probably less of an issue for young people in urban centres, which afforded greater anonymity. Wait times for service Evaluation data identified wait times as a barrier to service engagement. Not surprisingly, young people who expected to immediately access services mentioned this issue: The waiting period was a little bit longer than I expected, but I know that that does happen; services do have long waiting lists, and unfortunately in positions like mine, it does make it a little bit hard to think well, you know, considering I’ve got to wait this long, is it really worth it and is it going to help? (Female, 19 years) The only bad thing was, is it took so long to actually see a psychologist. It took I think around about three months … 23 (Female, 25 years) While this last quote specifies an excessively long wait time, hCSA data indicates that the majority of young people did not wait long to access services. At every occasion of service, clients are asked ‘do you feel you had to wait too long to get this appointment?’. In the 2013/14 financial year, more than 90% of respondents answered ‘no’ to this question. At each occasion of service, clients are also asked ‘how long have you waited for this appointment (from when you or someone else tried to make an appointment for you)?’ Because of this method of data collection, mean wait times are not able to be calculated; however, results for specified wait times at any point in the services young people receive are provided in Table 3.4 below. Table 3.4 Wait times for headspace clients, 2013-14 financial year Appointment wait times Freq. Per cent Less than 3 days 25,163 12.91 Between 3 and 6 days 24,779 12.71 1 - 2 weeks 73,000 37.44 3 - 4 weeks 23,525 12.07 More than 4 weeks 7,540 3.87 I don't know 15,552 7.98 missing 25,409 13.03 Total 194,968 100 Source: Authors calculations from hCSA data. Results indicate that a little more than a quarter of clients waited less than a week for services, and almost two-thirds of clients waited less than two weeks. 23 This appears to be rather unusual in that less than 4% of clients recorded waiting times of more than 4 weeks in the hCSA. Social Policy Research Centre 2015 headspace Evaluation Final Report 33

3. Access and Engagement with Centres<br />

The stigma of mental illness<br />

The most frequently identified service barrier mentioned was the stigma associated with mental<br />

health problems and the inaccurate representations of people with mental disorders. Young people<br />

frequently described their initial reluctance <strong>to</strong> attend <strong>headspace</strong> centres because they themselves<br />

believed– or feared others saying– that this meant that they would be considered ‘crazy, psychotic<br />

or anything like that’. For some <strong>young</strong> people who attended <strong>headspace</strong>, this meant that they were<br />

careful about disclosing their help seeking:<br />

If someone said, “Oh, why can’t we catch up?” You said, “Oh, because I’ve got a <strong>headspace</strong><br />

appointment.” They’d be, like, “What’s wrong? What’s going on with you?” People would be<br />

all nosy and then people would, like, mock you for being depressed and stuff like that.<br />

(Female, 14 years)<br />

One participant felt that the stigma issue was greater for <strong>young</strong> people in small <strong>to</strong>wns where they<br />

could be recognised when entering <strong>headspace</strong> offices. She felt that this was probably less of an<br />

issue for <strong>young</strong> people in urban centres, which afforded greater anonymity.<br />

Wait times for service<br />

Evaluation data identified wait times as a barrier <strong>to</strong> service engagement. Not surprisingly, <strong>young</strong><br />

people who expected <strong>to</strong> immediately access services mentioned this issue:<br />

The waiting period was a little bit longer than I expected, but I know that that does happen;<br />

services do have long waiting lists, and unfortunately in positions like mine, it does make it a<br />

little bit hard <strong>to</strong> think well, you know, considering I’ve got <strong>to</strong> wait this long, is it really worth it<br />

and is it going <strong>to</strong> help? (Female, 19 years)<br />

The only bad thing was, is it <strong>to</strong>ok so long <strong>to</strong> actually see a psychologist. It <strong>to</strong>ok I think around<br />

about three months … 23 (Female, 25 years)<br />

While this last quote specifies an excessively long wait time, hCSA data indicates that the majority of<br />

<strong>young</strong> people did not wait long <strong>to</strong> access services. At every occasion of service, clients are asked ‘do<br />

you feel you had <strong>to</strong> wait <strong>to</strong>o long <strong>to</strong> get this appointment?’. In the 2013/14 financial year, more than<br />

90% of respondents answered ‘no’ <strong>to</strong> this question.<br />

At each occasion of service, clients are also asked ‘how long have you waited for this appointment<br />

(from when you or someone else tried <strong>to</strong> make an appointment for you)?’ Because of this method<br />

of data collection, mean wait times are not able <strong>to</strong> be calculated; however, results for specified wait<br />

times at any point in the services <strong>young</strong> people receive are provided in Table 3.4 below.<br />

Table 3.4 Wait times for <strong>headspace</strong> clients, 2013-14 financial year<br />

Appointment wait times Freq. Per cent<br />

Less than 3 days 25,163 12.91<br />

Between 3 and 6 days 24,779 12.71<br />

1 - 2 weeks 73,000 37.44<br />

3 - 4 weeks 23,525 12.07<br />

More than 4 weeks 7,540 3.87<br />

I don't know 15,552 7.98<br />

missing 25,409 13.03<br />

Total 194,968 100<br />

Source: Authors calculations from hCSA data.<br />

Results indicate that a little more than a quarter of clients waited less than a week for services, and<br />

almost two-thirds of clients waited less than two weeks.<br />

23<br />

This appears <strong>to</strong> be rather unusual in that less than 4% of clients recorded waiting times of more than 4 weeks in the<br />

hCSA.<br />

Social Policy Research Centre 2015<br />

<strong>headspace</strong> Evaluation Final Report<br />

33

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