Is headspace making a difference to young people’s lives?

Evaluation-of-headspace-program Evaluation-of-headspace-program

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Appendix B Census analysis of distance to headspace centres Method Based on the shape of the curve in Figure B6, living within 10 km and 30 km from an existing headspace centre were selected as points which represented a substantial decline in use and knowledge of headspace services. Therefore, for the purpose of further analysis, these points were used to define access. Centre locations Using this definition of access, which assumes those living within close proximity to a headspace centre are able to make use of services when required, the number of young people living within 10 and 30 km of all existing centre locations allocated up to Round 8 was assessed. While the YMM analysis described in the preceding section used location information for centres assigned in Rounds 1 to 4 due to the timing of survey data collection, the present analysis was based in the hCSA and was therefore able to use centre location for those assigned in Rounds 1 – 8. This analysis made use of the 2011 census of population and housing usual resident population data. Point locations for established centres were geocoded. In the case of funded centres which have not yet been established in Rounds 7 and 8, exact centre location is not yet known. However, the postcode in which these centres will be located is available. Therefore, likely centre location within the postcode area was estimated, and this point was geocoded. Additionally, for centres allocated in the hypothetical Rounds 9 to 14, which were determined based on the current model of centre allocation, a location was estimated. As these centres were allocated at the SA3 or SA4 level, which in some cases cover substantial areas, the centroid of the most highly populated SA1 within the selected area was used to provide a proxy centre location. As a result, the interpretation of the findings for Rounds 9 to 14 should be undertaken with some caution. Distance to centres The proportion of the youth population living less than 10 kilometres from a headspace centre, within a 10-30 kilometres radius of a centre, and those who were living further than 30 kilometres from a centre was determined using census population data. Distance from each headspace centre was based on the geocoded location of the headspace centre and the geographic centroid of every SA1 in Australia. Some SA1s in remote areas are large, and use of the centroid as a proxy location for certain remote SA1s can result in some errors. Results Distance to headspace centre based on current centre allocation At the completion of Round 8 approximately two thirds of young people aged 12-25 years will live within 10 kilometres of a headspace centre, with the proportion of young men being very similar to that of young women (Table B4 and Table B5). Only 12.5% will live further than 30 kilometres from a centre. Table B4 Males 18–25 years by distance to nearest headspace centre (Rounds 1-8), by age group Males 12-17 years Males 18-25 years Males 12-25 years Distance Number % Number % Number % Less than 10 kilometres 529,721 61.7 812,831 69.2 1,342,552 66.0 10 - 30 kilometres 199,688 23.3 231,324 19.7 431,012 21.2 30 kilometres or more 129,454 15.1 130,158 11.1 259,612 12.8 Total 858,863 100.0 1,174,313 100.0 2,033,176 100.0 Social Policy Research Centre 2015 headspace Evaluation Final Report 136

Appendix B Table B5 Females 18–25 years by distance to nearest headspace centre (Rounds 1-8), by age group Females 12-17 years Females 18-25 years Females 12-25 years Distance Number % Number % Number % Less than 10 kilometres 502,492 61.8 798,977 70.3 1,301,469 66.8 10 - 30 kilometres 188,018 23.1 219,940 19.3 407,958 20.9 30 kilometres or more 122,004 15.0 117,761 10.4 239,765 12.3 Total 812,514 100.0 1,136,678 100.0 1,949,192 100.0 Table B6 shows the number of young people aged 12-25 in each state who live within 10 km, 10-30 km and more than 30 km from a headspace centre following the implementation of Round 8 centres. The table indicates that approximately two thirds of young people in Australia will live in close proximity to a centre. However there are significant differences between states. For example, following Round 8, more than 70% of young people in New South Wales and Victoria will live within 10 km of a centre and all young people in ACT will live within 30 km of a centre. In contrast, less than half of the young people in Tasmania and the Northern Territory will live within 10 km of a headspace centre, and more than 30% will live more than 30 km from a headspace centre. These disparities reflect differences in the geographic size, population distribution and number of centres in each state and territory. Table B7 reports the distance of clients from a headspace centre, disaggregated by ABS remoteness classifications. As displayed in this table, there are substantial differences in geographic proximity of the population to a centre by remoteness. For example, following Round 8, more than two thirds of young people living in major cities will live within 10 km of a centre but only 1% of young people in remote areas will live within 30 km of a headspace centre. While this finding is not surprising, it demonstrates the variability of equity in access to headspace centres for young people across Australia. Table B6 Females 18–25 years by distance to nearest headspace centre (Rounds 1-8), by age group Less than 10 10 - 30 kilometres 30 kilometres or Total kilometres more New South Wales Number 892,781 196,467 157,329 1,246,577 Per cent 71.6 15.8 12.6 100 Victoria Number 733,776 165,223 94,360 993,359 Per cent 73.9 16.6 9.5 100 Queensland Number 479,919 233,359 106,939 820,217 Per cent 58.5 28.5 13 100 South Australia Number 178,924 68,711 41,127 288,762 Per cent 62 23.8 14.2 100 Western Australia Number 261,082 109,839 57,288 428,209 Per cent 61 25.7 13.4 100 Tasmania Number 38,729 21,288 27,324 87,341 Per cent 44.3 24.4 31.3 100 Northern Territory Number 13,381 16,060 15,000 44,441 Per cent 30.1 36.1 33.8 100 Australian Capital Territory Number 45,429 28,023 10 73,462 Per cent 61.8 38.1 0 100 Australia Number 2,644,021 838,970 499,377 3,982,368 Per cent 66.4 21.1 12.5 100 Social Policy Research Centre 2015 headspace Evaluation Final Report 137

Appendix B<br />

Table B5 Females 18–25 years by distance <strong>to</strong> nearest <strong>headspace</strong> centre (Rounds 1-8), by age group<br />

Females 12-17 years Females 18-25 years Females 12-25 years<br />

Distance Number % Number % Number %<br />

Less than 10 kilometres 502,492 61.8 798,977 70.3 1,301,469 66.8<br />

10 - 30 kilometres 188,018 23.1 219,940 19.3 407,958 20.9<br />

30 kilometres or more 122,004 15.0 117,761 10.4 239,765 12.3<br />

Total 812,514 100.0 1,136,678 100.0 1,949,192 100.0<br />

Table B6 shows the number of <strong>young</strong> people aged 12-25 in each state who live within 10 km,<br />

10-30 km and more than 30 km from a <strong>headspace</strong> centre following the implementation of Round<br />

8 centres. The table indicates that approximately two thirds of <strong>young</strong> people in Australia will live in<br />

close proximity <strong>to</strong> a centre. However there are significant <strong>difference</strong>s between states. For example,<br />

following Round 8, more than 70% of <strong>young</strong> people in New South Wales and Vic<strong>to</strong>ria will live within<br />

10 km of a centre and all <strong>young</strong> people in ACT will live within 30 km of a centre. In contrast, less than<br />

half of the <strong>young</strong> people in Tasmania and the Northern Terri<strong>to</strong>ry will live within 10 km of a <strong>headspace</strong><br />

centre, and more than 30% will live more than 30 km from a <strong>headspace</strong> centre. These disparities<br />

reflect <strong>difference</strong>s in the geographic size, population distribution and number of centres in each state<br />

and terri<strong>to</strong>ry.<br />

Table B7 reports the distance of clients from a <strong>headspace</strong> centre, disaggregated by ABS remoteness<br />

classifications. As displayed in this table, there are substantial <strong>difference</strong>s in geographic proximity<br />

of the population <strong>to</strong> a centre by remoteness. For example, following Round 8, more than two thirds<br />

of <strong>young</strong> people living in major cities will live within 10 km of a centre but only 1% of <strong>young</strong> people<br />

in remote areas will live within 30 km of a <strong>headspace</strong> centre. While this finding is not surprising,<br />

it demonstrates the variability of equity in access <strong>to</strong> <strong>headspace</strong> centres for <strong>young</strong> people across<br />

Australia.<br />

Table B6 Females 18–25 years by distance <strong>to</strong> nearest <strong>headspace</strong> centre (Rounds 1-8), by age group<br />

Less than 10 10 - 30 kilometres 30 kilometres or<br />

Total<br />

kilometres<br />

more<br />

New South Wales Number 892,781 196,467 157,329 1,246,577<br />

Per cent 71.6 15.8 12.6 100<br />

Vic<strong>to</strong>ria Number 733,776 165,223 94,360 993,359<br />

Per cent 73.9 16.6 9.5 100<br />

Queensland Number 479,919 233,359 106,939 820,217<br />

Per cent 58.5 28.5 13 100<br />

South Australia Number 178,924 68,711 41,127 288,762<br />

Per cent 62 23.8 14.2 100<br />

Western Australia Number 261,082 109,839 57,288 428,209<br />

Per cent 61 25.7 13.4 100<br />

Tasmania Number 38,729 21,288 27,324 87,341<br />

Per cent 44.3 24.4 31.3 100<br />

Northern Terri<strong>to</strong>ry Number 13,381 16,060 15,000 44,441<br />

Per cent 30.1 36.1 33.8 100<br />

Australian Capital Terri<strong>to</strong>ry Number 45,429 28,023 10 73,462<br />

Per cent 61.8 38.1 0 100<br />

Australia Number 2,644,021 838,970 499,377 3,982,368<br />

Per cent 66.4 21.1 12.5 100<br />

Social Policy Research Centre 2015<br />

<strong>headspace</strong> Evaluation Final Report<br />

137

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