A European Code-of-Practice for Strain-Controlled ... - TMF-Workshop
A European Code-of-Practice for Strain-Controlled ... - TMF-Workshop
A European Code-of-Practice for Strain-Controlled ... - TMF-Workshop
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GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
A <strong>European</strong> <strong>Code</strong>-<strong>of</strong>-<strong>Practice</strong> <strong>for</strong><br />
<strong>Strain</strong>-<strong>Controlled</strong> Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Testing<br />
Peter Hähner, JRC Institute <strong>for</strong> Energy, Petten, (NL)<br />
Claudia Rinaldi, and Valerio Bicego, CESI, Milan (I)<br />
Ernst Affeldt, MTU Aero Engines, München (D)<br />
Henrik Andersson, KIMAB, Stockholm (S)<br />
Tilmann Beck, University <strong>of</strong> Karlsruhe (D)<br />
Thomas Brendel, MTU Aero Engines, München (D)<br />
Hellmuth Klingelhöffer, BAM, Berlin (D)<br />
Alain Köster, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris (F)<br />
Hans-Joachim Kühn, BAM, Berlin (D)<br />
Malcolm Loveday, NPL, Teddington (UK)<br />
Massimo Marchionni, CNR-IENI, Milan (I)<br />
Catherine Rae, University <strong>of</strong> Cambridge (UK)
survey<br />
WP1 1 st draft<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
WP6: Drafting <strong>of</strong> CoP<br />
prel. CoP val.CoP<br />
WP2 WP3 WP4 WP5<br />
Material Pre-normative R&D Validation tests Statist. analysis<br />
2002 2003 2004 2005<br />
WP7<br />
Dissemination
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents <strong>of</strong> CoP<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
1- INTRODUCTION<br />
1.1 SCOPE AND USE<br />
1.2 DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTION OF TERMS<br />
1. 3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES<br />
2- EXPERIMENTAL: Set-up and specimens<br />
2.1 APPARATUS<br />
2.2 SPECIMENS<br />
3- TEST PREPARATORY ISSUES<br />
3.1 EVALUATION OF E MODULUS<br />
3.2 OPTIMISATION OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL LOOP<br />
3.3 THERMAL STRAIN MEASUREMENT<br />
3.4 ZERO STRESS TEST<br />
4- TEST EXECUTION<br />
4.1 TEST START<br />
4.2 TEST STOP AND RESTART<br />
4.3 TEST MONITORING<br />
4.4 TERMINATION OF TEST<br />
5- ANALYSIS AND REPORTING<br />
5.1 ANALYSIS OF RECORDED DATA<br />
5.2 REPORTING OF TEST METHODS<br />
5.3 REPORTING OF RESULTS<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
References<br />
Annex A Specimens (In<strong>for</strong>mative)<br />
Annex B Relevant material properties and experimental characteristics (In<strong>for</strong>mative)<br />
Annex C Representative <strong>TMF</strong> cycles frequently used (In<strong>for</strong>mative)<br />
Annex D Measurement scatter and uncertainties (In<strong>for</strong>mative)
Mechanical strain %<br />
0.4<br />
0.3<br />
0.2<br />
0.1<br />
0<br />
-0.1<br />
-0.2<br />
-0.3<br />
-0.4<br />
E<br />
M<br />
A<br />
D<br />
45° 90°<br />
N<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Definition <strong>of</strong> <strong>TMF</strong> cycles<br />
H L<br />
P<br />
F<br />
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000<br />
Temperature °C<br />
Mech. strain vs. temperature <strong>for</strong> typical <strong>TMF</strong> cycles<br />
with R = �1<br />
I<br />
O<br />
G<br />
C<br />
B<br />
T = T 0 + �T F(�t)<br />
� m = � m,0 + �� F(�t ��)<br />
F(x) = F(x + 2�), � x<br />
0 < � < 180° means that<br />
� lags behind T
tubular<br />
solid cyclindrical<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Examples <strong>of</strong> specimens used in the<br />
“inner-circle” validation round robin<br />
flat
Spot-welding <strong>of</strong> TCs<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Dynamic T measurement and control<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> ribbon TCs<br />
Stability <strong>of</strong> T pr<strong>of</strong>ile
Definitions<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Comparison <strong>of</strong> tolerances and recommendations (1)<br />
issue <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
CoP<br />
Definition <strong>of</strong> �<br />
phase angle<br />
m lags behind,<br />
if � > 0<br />
Start point <strong>of</strong> at �m = 0 (R�0) or<br />
first <strong>TMF</strong> cycle T = Tmin (R>0),<br />
always increasing T;<br />
gradual increase <strong>of</strong><br />
�� m not <strong>for</strong>eseen<br />
ISO 12111.1 ASTM E 2368 - 04<br />
No definition �m at �m = 0 (R�0) or<br />
�<br />
lags behind,<br />
if � > 0<br />
m = min| �m| (R>0),<br />
always same<br />
at �m = 0 (R�0) or<br />
�<br />
direction;<br />
gradual cyclic<br />
increase <strong>of</strong> ��m <strong>for</strong><br />
large strain<br />
amplitude tests or in<br />
case <strong>of</strong> serrated<br />
yielding<br />
m = min| �m| (R>0),<br />
always same<br />
direction<br />
gradual cyclic<br />
increase <strong>of</strong> ��m <strong>for</strong><br />
large strain<br />
amplitude tests or in<br />
case <strong>of</strong> serrated<br />
yielding
Apparatus & Specimens<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Comparison <strong>of</strong> tolerances and recommendations (2)<br />
issue <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
CoP<br />
ISO 12111.1 ASTM E 2368 - 04<br />
Extensometry ISO 9513 Class 1 ISO 9513 Class 1 E83 Class B-2<br />
(<strong>for</strong> l0 < 15mm (<strong>for</strong> l0 < 15mm<br />
Class 0.5 recomm.) Class 0.5 recomm.)<br />
Alignment: 5% <strong>of</strong> mech. <strong>Strain</strong> 5% <strong>of</strong> both max. E 606 (LCF):<br />
max. allowable range<br />
AND min. mech. 5% <strong>of</strong> min. mech.<br />
bending<br />
strain<br />
strain range<br />
Dynamic T Detailed<br />
Direct contact: Direct contact:<br />
measurement recommendations binding, pressure, binding, pressure,<br />
and control on appropr. methods spot welding spot welding<br />
<strong>of</strong> fixing;<br />
outside GL; outside GL;<br />
No pyrometry Pyrometry Pyrometry<br />
Humidity <strong>of</strong> air Not an issue Not an issue Control <strong>of</strong> rel. air<br />
humidity strongly<br />
recommended<br />
(extensometry)<br />
Specimen Detailed geometries Detailed geometries<br />
geometries and machining<br />
tolerances<br />
recommended <strong>for</strong><br />
and machining<br />
tolerances<br />
recommended <strong>for</strong><br />
�� Solid cylindrical,<br />
�� tubular,<br />
�� flat specimens<br />
�� Solid<br />
Examples <strong>for</strong><br />
��Solid cylindrical,<br />
��Tubular specimens<br />
Tubular<br />
specimens<br />
5 < o.d. / w.t. < 10<br />
cylindrical,<br />
�� tubular,<br />
�� flat specimens<br />
10 < o.d. / w.t. < 30<br />
Tubular specimens<br />
preferred<br />
No recommendation
Max. Allowable Tolerances<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Comparison <strong>of</strong> tolerances and recommendations (3a)<br />
issue <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
CoP<br />
Max.<br />
The greater <strong>of</strong><br />
temperature ± 5°C or<br />
deviation ����T [°C]<br />
throughout test at<br />
center <strong>of</strong> GL<br />
Max.<br />
The greater <strong>of</strong><br />
temperature<br />
gradients<br />
within GL<br />
�� ± 10°C or<br />
����T [°C]<br />
(axial)<br />
�� ± 5°C or<br />
����T [°C]<br />
(radial, &<br />
circumferential)<br />
�� ± 7°C<br />
(transverse<br />
gradient in flat<br />
specimens)<br />
ISO 12111.1 ASTM E 2368 - 04<br />
± 2°C<br />
throughout test as<br />
indicated by control<br />
sensor<br />
The greater <strong>of</strong><br />
± 5°C or<br />
± 1.5% Tmax [°C]<br />
(axial, radial, &<br />
circumferential)<br />
± 2°C<br />
throughout test as<br />
indicated by control<br />
sensor<br />
The greater <strong>of</strong><br />
± 3K or<br />
± 1% Tmax [K]<br />
(axial)
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Comparison <strong>of</strong> tolerances and recommendations (3b)<br />
issue <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
CoP<br />
Max.<br />
thermal strain<br />
hysteresis<br />
5% ��th Max.<br />
No mention, as not a<br />
mechanical directly controlled<br />
strain deviation variable<br />
Max.<br />
between<br />
phase angle ±2° at Tmax and<br />
deviation ±5° at Tmin<br />
Max.<br />
stress during<br />
zero-stress test<br />
| � |max < 5% ���and ��� < ±2% ��<br />
ISO 12111.1 ASTM E 2368 - 04<br />
2.5% max( � th)<br />
? definition ?<br />
2% �� m<br />
±5° ±5°<br />
< 2% <strong>of</strong> max.<br />
tensile or<br />
compressive stress<br />
anticipated<br />
5% �� th<br />
2% �� m<br />
“Insignificant” as<br />
compared to tensile<br />
or compressive<br />
stresses anticipated
<strong>TMF</strong> <strong>Practice</strong> Recommendations<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Comparison <strong>of</strong> tolerances and recommendations (4)<br />
issue <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
CoP<br />
Young’s Static and pseudo-<br />
modulus E dynamic methods<br />
measurement described <strong>for</strong> the<br />
determination <strong>of</strong><br />
E(T) be<strong>for</strong>e each<br />
series <strong>of</strong> tests<br />
Young’s Verification <strong>of</strong><br />
modulus <strong>TMF</strong> system<br />
verification recommended by<br />
measuring the Emod<br />
at<br />
RT, Tmin, Tmax and<br />
one intermed. T<br />
be<strong>for</strong>e each test:<br />
< ± 5% deviation<br />
from reference<br />
value<br />
Thermal strain Single-valued T<br />
compensation based NOT<br />
recommended<br />
Thermal pre- extra water cooling<br />
cycling at specimen ends<br />
recommended<br />
(cf. T control<br />
outside GL)<br />
ISO 12111.1 ASTM E 2368 - 04<br />
Static method<br />
described <strong>for</strong> the<br />
determination <strong>of</strong><br />
E(T) be<strong>for</strong>e each<br />
series <strong>of</strong> tests<br />
Verification <strong>of</strong><br />
extensometry<br />
recommended by<br />
measuring the Emod<br />
at RT be<strong>for</strong>e<br />
each test<br />
Static method<br />
described <strong>for</strong> the<br />
determination <strong>of</strong><br />
E(T) be<strong>for</strong>e each<br />
series <strong>of</strong> tests<br />
No recommendation<br />
T based preferred T based or t based<br />
Usually 3 – 4 precycles<br />
to dynamic T<br />
equilibrium
Other <strong>Practice</strong>s<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Comparison <strong>of</strong> tolerances and recommendations (5)<br />
issue <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
CoP<br />
Test<br />
Programmed stop:<br />
interruption<br />
Restart like<br />
procedure<br />
new test;<br />
Unexpected stop:<br />
Restart only<br />
if last cycle<br />
has been<br />
recorded<br />
Failure criteria<br />
associated with<br />
<strong>for</strong>ce drop<br />
Nf, x:<br />
�� or �max decrease<br />
by x% below<br />
sloping tangent line<br />
to previous<br />
inflection point<br />
ISO 12111.1 ASTM E 2368 - 04<br />
Programmed stop<br />
described<br />
5 – 50% peak<br />
tensile <strong>for</strong>ce drop<br />
from stabilized<br />
value or projected<br />
straight line<br />
Programmed stop<br />
described<br />
5 – 50% <strong>for</strong>ce drop<br />
from previously<br />
recorded peak <strong>for</strong>ce
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Conclusions<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard CoP on strain-controlled <strong>TMF</strong><br />
contains the “essence” <strong>of</strong> 4 years work <strong>of</strong> 20 <strong>European</strong> laboratories<br />
has been validated by ~ 120 <strong>TMF</strong> tests (OOP and IP)<br />
comprises a lot <strong>of</strong> in<strong>for</strong>mative material and practical recommendations<br />
has contributed to improving & harmonizing the partners’ in-house <strong>TMF</strong> practices<br />
provides technical underpinning to the ISO standard<br />
is disseminated to all interested parties<br />
Dissemination<br />
Original plan to run own CWA abandoned<br />
CoP to be published as a EUR Report<br />
To be distributed to all workshop participants
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
ANNEX C (In<strong>for</strong>mative) Exemplary compilation <strong>of</strong> relevant material properties and experimental characteristics<br />
Material properties <strong>of</strong> Nimonic90 1<br />
Property Symbol Unit Indicative<br />
value<br />
Mechanical properties<br />
Density � g/cm 3<br />
8.2<br />
Yield stress at Tmax � y MPa 440 @ 850°C<br />
Young’s modulus <strong>of</strong> elasticity E GPa 150<br />
Poisson ratio � 1 0.3<br />
Thermal properties<br />
Gibbs free enthalpy <strong>of</strong> plastic de<strong>for</strong>mation Gpl eV 1.9 ???<br />
Gibbs free enthalpy <strong>of</strong> oxidation (800 – 1000°C) Gox eV 1.1<br />
Specific heat cp J / kg °C 650<br />
Thermal conductivity � W / m °C 24<br />
Lin. coefficient <strong>of</strong> thermal expansion (400 – 850°C) � 10-6 °C �1 15<br />
Electrical conductivity<br />
Electromagnetic properties<br />
�<br />
( ��<br />
m) �1<br />
Magnetic permeability � 1 1.1<br />
0.76
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Characteristics <strong>of</strong> experimental setup and <strong>TMF</strong> conditions<br />
Parameter Symbol Unit Indicative<br />
value<br />
Specimen radius r mm 3<br />
Frequency <strong>of</strong> induction heating �ind kHz 200<br />
Heating/cooling rate T � °C / s 5<br />
Minimum temperature Tmin °C 400<br />
Maximum temperature Tmax °C 850<br />
Quantity<br />
Derived quantities<br />
Symbol Formula Unit Indic.<br />
value<br />
Skin effect penetration depth <strong>of</strong> power<br />
density<br />
d (4���0��)�1/2 mm 0.61<br />
Characteristic temperature <strong>of</strong> plastic de<strong>for</strong>m. Tc,pl Gpl/kB °C 22000<br />
Characteristic temperature <strong>of</strong> oxidation Tc,ox Gox/kB °C 12500<br />
Thermal relaxation time � ( � cp/ � )r 2 s 2.0<br />
Radial temperature gradient 1. T’ ( � cp/ � )rT � °C/mm 3.3<br />
Radial stress deviation �� (E/(1-�)) � T’r MPa 31<br />
Characteristic temperature deviation � T 0.1 T2 max / Tc,ox °C 10
WP3: Pre-normative R&D<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Task 1: Pre-cycling, start, interrupt, restart procedures<br />
Task 2: Dynamic T measurement and control<br />
Task 3: Thermal strain comp., deviations from nominal T<br />
Task 4: T gradient effects in 3 sample geometries<br />
(solid cylindrical, hollow cyl., solid rectangular)<br />
Task 5: Deviations from nominal phase angle
WP4: Validation Tests:<br />
1.) symmetrical triangular OOP<br />
R � = - 1, � = 180°<br />
T min = 400°C, T max = 850°C<br />
tcycle = 180s � dT/dt = � 5K/s<br />
��m = 0.8% � Nf � 1000<br />
2.) symmetrical triangular IP<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
mech. strain [%]<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0.0<br />
-0.2<br />
-0.4<br />
400 500 600 700 800 900<br />
R� = - 1, � = 0°<br />
temperature [°C]<br />
Tmin = 400°C, Tmax = 850°C used by<br />
tcycle = 180s � dT/dt = � 5K/s “inner circle” and<br />
��m = 0.6% � Nf � 1000 “outer circle” round robin participants
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
From these data various dimensionless parameters derive, which can be used to estimate the<br />
lower bounds <strong>of</strong> systematic errors induced by the experimental set-up and the thermo-mechanical<br />
fatigue conditions imposed, and to assess the influences <strong>of</strong> the various parameters affecting those<br />
errors.<br />
The induction heating <strong>of</strong> the above set-up causes a skin effect with very limited direct<br />
bulk heating, as the ratio <strong>of</strong> the penetration depth to the specimen radius<br />
d<br />
r<br />
�<br />
1 1<br />
�<br />
4���<br />
�� r<br />
0<br />
20%<br />
amounts to some 20 percent only. Accordingly, the specimen bulk is heated by heat<br />
conduction with finite thermal relaxation time �� 2s, causing a temperature difference �T � 10°C between inside and outside temperature.<br />
The relative stress deviation associated with the radial temperature gradient induced by<br />
surface heating and heat conduction to the bulk (lamp furnace or induction heater with<br />
small penetration depth) reads<br />
��<br />
��c<br />
�<br />
� �<br />
y<br />
p<br />
E<br />
( 1��<br />
) �<br />
y<br />
2<br />
r T�<br />
�<br />
7 %<br />
.<br />
On top <strong>of</strong> these systematic errors due to thermal relaxation there will always be<br />
measurement and control uncertainties, which must be kept as low as possible by<br />
appropriate maintenance and calibration <strong>of</strong> the measurement equipment as well as by an<br />
optimization <strong>of</strong> the <strong>TMF</strong> testing techniques. In particular, the relative overall temperature<br />
deviation in the gauge length should not exceed<br />
T<br />
max<br />
�T<br />
� T<br />
min<br />
� �0.<br />
1<br />
T<br />
c, ox<br />
T<br />
2<br />
max<br />
�T�T� max<br />
min<br />
� �2.<br />
2 % ,<br />
if the rate <strong>of</strong> the relevant thermally activated process (here: oxidation) is to be maintained<br />
ithi 10%
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Schematic <strong>of</strong> various coil configurations
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Dynamic T measurement and control:<br />
Major issues in dynamic T control by thermocouples:<br />
Inductive heating & resistive heating:<br />
Radiation heating<br />
Heat transfer coefficient from specimen surface to TC<br />
Heat conduction through TC wire: cold spot<br />
=> appropriate TC attachment is crucial<br />
Reflectivity coefficients <strong>of</strong> TC and specimen<br />
=> appropriate shielding <strong>of</strong> TC<br />
=> Need <strong>for</strong> comprehensive trials using a combination <strong>of</strong> different methods
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Dynamic T measurement and control (cont’d):<br />
1. Temperature control by ribbon TC within GL<br />
(a) (b)<br />
Ribbon type thermocouples, applied to (a) a round specimen with 8 mm<br />
diameter, and (b) a flat specimen 12 mm wide and 4 mm thick
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Dynamic T measurement and control (cont’d)<br />
4. Prevention <strong>of</strong> “cold spot”<br />
Wrapping configuration <strong>of</strong> spot-welded thermocouple
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
TC type R/S K/N<br />
Material Pt-based Ni-based<br />
Thermal contact good poor<br />
Thermal conductivity high low<br />
Error governed by heat conduct. therm. contact<br />
Recommended ribbon or SW<br />
attachment SW wrapping
Stress Range, MPa<br />
1200<br />
1000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Failure criterion<br />
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400<br />
N, cycles<br />
Example <strong>of</strong> end <strong>of</strong> life criterion, based on 10% stress range drop below a<br />
sloping tangent line to the saturated portion <strong>of</strong> the curve<br />
Nf10
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Web-enabled Mat-DB - <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard data sets<br />
To get access to <strong>TMF</strong> Standard data and documentation please register on the JRC Petten ODIN<br />
website (https://odin.jrc.nl), register <strong>for</strong> Mat-DB and DoMa and mention under comments that you<br />
request access to the <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard project data sets.<br />
Selection <strong>of</strong> <strong>TMF</strong>-Standard data within the web-enabled Mat-DB data retrieval part
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Selection <strong>of</strong> <strong>TMF</strong> Standard data within the web-enabled Mat-DB data retrieval part
GROWTH Project n° GRD2-2000-30014<br />
<strong>TMF</strong>-Standard<br />
Final Meeting/<strong>Workshop</strong>, 20-23/09/05, Berlin<br />
Graphical output <strong>of</strong> <strong>TMF</strong> Standard data within the web-enabled Mat-DB data retrieval part