3FOOD

Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group
3- External power source (overhead wires or on-ground power taps) for public transport
(trams and trolley busses) independently or as a complement to on-board power source.
4- Biodiesels also can play a role in aviation.
Given Luxembourg’s small size and relatively short commute distances, electric personal
vehicles will be a feasible choice for the residents, without the problem of insufficient range.
Many commuters will also have access to recharging facilities in their homes, allowing for night
recharging. Commuters who reside in different countries may encounter more difficulties in
shifting from fossil fuel vehicles to battery electric vehicles, especially if the diffusion of
recharging stations is not extended to neighboring countries.
1.2 Business Model Innovation (BMI)
1.2.1 A fast and smart charging infrastructure program
To address the range question, it is essential to install a dense network of smart bidirectional
charging points and pre-equip any new building with charging facilities. Since battery electric
vehicles require significant time to be recharged, the recharging points cannot be placed only
along the routes like refueling stations, but must also be located at sharing stations, parking
spots, in parking garages, and also in residential areas for night charging. Since one fast
recharging point can serve only 1-2 vehicles per hour, compared with 10-20 at a fossil fuel
station, their quantity must be accordingly higher.
The build out of charging stations will take some time and should begin with the densest urban
areas, where the limitations of electric vehicles are less evident and their advantages more
pronounced. It should be noted that Luxembourg recently outlined a plan to install 800
charging stations with two charging points each by 2020. The public charging infrastructure
provided by these 1,600 charging points (3,7 - 22 kW) is a positive step in promoting electric
mobility and reducing range anxiety. However, these public stations should be accompanied by
the installation of stations in every new residential and commercial building complex. It is also
key to drastically increase the number of reserved parking facilities with charging facilities as it
will reduce range anxiety and represent an additional advantage for EV users.
In order to enable long distance trips with electric vehicles, fast charging infrastructure (> 50
kW) should also be installed on highways and Luxembourg should prepare for new dynamic and
inductive charging technologies.
88