3FOOD

Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group
- Increase in the use of massive public transportation: This policy can make the system
of transportation significantly more resilient by better distributing the flows of
passengers and goods over various modes of transport, by improving the security at
stations and on board the vehicles (robustness), by implementing different types of
interconnected but independent modes (train, tram, bus, shuttle etc., providing
diversity) and connecting the major origin-destination pairs by different parallel modes
(for example: bus and train, providing redundancy). The TIR public transport system is
well diversified. It comprises buses (battery electric or hydrogen-fuel cells), trolley
buses, trams, trains, automated shuttles and micro-mobility vehicles. Diversity is one of
the keys for resilience
- Promotion of “active modes”: Active modes are the most resilient modes of
transportation. Walking and cycling do not require any supply of energy, connection to a
grid, informative system, or costly infrastructure. A policy to promote walking and
cycling and to provide a dense network of dedicated infrastructures, greatly improves
the resilience of the mobility system, despite the limits of distance that are inherent
with active transportation.
- Increase in the use of shared vehicles and Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS): This has mixed
effects on resilience. Anyone can have access to any vehicle in the sharing service, and
not only to their own vehicle, thus increasing greatly the resilience of the system. But on
the other hand, sharing and MaaS both rely on an information and communication
system which may be prone to a complete failure in case of extreme conditions, making
all the vehicles of the service unavailable. The network itself can be a target of a hacking
attack. The system can be made more robust by increasing the redundancy and security
against cyber-attacks of the communication and information system that regulate the
availability of the vehicles. Diversity and redundancy can be increased by assigning the
shared vehicle service to several independent operators, so that economic failure or
cyber-attacks on one operator will not cause catastrophic failure of the system.
- Increase in the use of automated, highly connected vehicles: The increase in the share
of highly automated and driverless vehicles will require that cars and buses be
connected through V2V and V2I communication systems. A failure in the
communication system may curb both the collective transport system and the individual
transport system. Automation and communication is one area where a strategy to
increase redundancy, robustness, and diversity is essential. The V2V and V2I
communication networks that are essential for highly automated vehicles are at risk of
being targeted by a cyber-attack. Automated vehicle systems also require a large
number of highly skilled personnel. The system can be made more robust by allowing
80