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Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group Öeko-Öeko Study of Luxembourg Organic and Conventional Farming 160 The study compared the ecological performances and the social costs of organic and conventional farms in Luxembourg and to analyse the cost-effectiveness of payments to organic farms in Luxemburg from an agro-environmental perspective. Results show that organic farms cause substantially lower environmental impacts than their conventional counterparts. There is a higher nitrogen (N) eutrophication potential from conventional farms and a higher N-efficiency on organic farms (on average 189% in comparison to conventional farms) Organic farms have a lower energy need (on average 43% of conventional farms) and a higher energy efficiency than conventional farms (on average 150% in comparison to conventional farms) There are lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on organic farms and organic farms have a higher GHG efficiency compared to conventional farms (on average 139%) Organic farms have also a higher fodder autarky than conventional farms; conventional farms have lower fodder autarky, especially protein fodder autarky and especially on dairy farms (52%) Organic farms have on average more diverse crop rotation (7.8 elements compared to 6 on the conventional farms) There was a higher biodiversity on organic farms: 28% more species on organic fields and 28% more species on intensive permanent grassland The habitat diversity is on average twice as high on organic farms than on conventional farms The species number was even on organic farms with low weed cover significantly higher The number of red list species was nearly twice as high on organic farms than on conventional farms (4.6 compared to 2.7) However, these additional environmental benefits do not go along with higher public payments. On average, organic farms have a somewhat lower income (85% in comparison to conventional farms) and a somewhat lower expense (74% in comparison to conventional farms). Public payments were on average at the same level for both organic and conventional 160 Schrader, Christian, FiBL), Adrian Müller (FiBL), Steffi Zimmer (IBLA), Raymond Aendekerk (IBLA), Rocco Lioy (CONVIS), Romain Reding (CONVIS), Steve Turmes (CONVIS), Gerard Conter (SER), Simone Adam (SER), Richard Dahlem (n&ë) und Georges Moes (n&ë) (2013) Vergleichende ökonomisch-ökologische Analyse von biologisch und konventionell wirtschaftenden Betrieben in Luxemburg („öko-öko“),Ein Projekt von IBLA und FiBL /Schweiz, in enger Zusammenarbeit mit natur & ëmwelt, Service d’Economie Rurale und CONVIS, Im Rahmen des „Aktionsplanes biologische Landwirtschaft Luxemburg” mit finanzieller Unterstützung durch das Ministère de l`Agriculture, de la Viticulture et du Développement Rural – Administration des Services Techniques de l`Agriculture, ASTA. 186
Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group farms. Thus, the organic farms deliver more social and ecological performances with the same level of public payments. Overall, the agricultural policy in Luxemburg did not provide incentives for ecological friendly agricultural production in a sufficiently targeted way. Table: Overview of the most important ecological measurements analysed on the assessed organic and conventional farms. (The values of the conventional farms are set to 100% and the values of the organic farms with respect thereto) Org. values in comparison to conv. Measure Dairy farms Suckler cow farms all % % % N Input (kg N/ha) 30 % 40 % 34 % N-Output (kg N/ha) 41 % 63 % 49 % N-Balance (kg N/ha) 26 % 32 % 28 % N-Efficiency (€ Income/kg N) 179 % 225 % 189 % Input fossil energy yield (GJ/ha) 38 % 54 % 43 % Energy Output (GJ/ha) 38 % 62 % 48 % Energy Balance (Output – Input, GJ/ha) 46 % 86 % 71 % Energy Efficiency (€ Income/GJ Input) 145 % 168 % 150 % Emissions from operating consumables (kg CO 2 eq.) 22 % 32 % 25 % Emissions from animal production (kg CO 2 eq.) 65 % 61 % 63 % 187
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