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TIR-CG_Luxembourg-Final-Report_Long-Version TIR-CG_Luxembourg-Final-Report_Long-Version
Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group erection and deployment of "mobile infrastructure and habitats" on a large-scale, similar to the way refugee camps and front line military outposts are set up. In the future, resiliency has to also include infrastructure and habitats that can be distributed, decentralized, and modular, to facilitate dismantlement, shipment, and reassembly in new locations. We also need to develop a more sophisticated approach to integrating infrastructure, human habitats, and living patterns with the complex dynamics that animate the evolution of natural ecosystems, learning from the approaches to short-term and long-term resiliency that evolve in natural ecosystems as guides to future human development patterns. This will require focusing greater attention on stigmergic self-organization, emergence, and complexity theory in modeling the liquid infrastructures and habitats of the future. An important step toward transforming Luxembourg’s building stock into nodes connected to the Internet of Things platform is the development of education and training. Education and training should be implemented in all the education layers, and the basic education programs of the future generations should consider specific courses on energy strategy and “IntenCities” objectives. The building sector is a core element of the TIR roadmap. Buildings are responsible for 40% of energy consumption and 36% of CO 2 emissions in the EU. 110 Buildings are durable and play an important role in the economy as investment and property. They allow privacy and define public spaces between them and they are key elements forming a city. In the past, buildings often provided only a room to be protected against the weather, with low thermal and other comfort. In the future, buildings will provide optimal comfort through intelligent and efficient design and infrastructure as well as ICT systems, which can read the needs of the occupants and provide a comfortable environment. The buildings will be equipped with a high number of sensors and intelligent control systems gathering data, which enable the HVAC system to provide: fresh air at the right temperature depending on the oxygen demand; perfect light combining daylight and the light spectrum adapted to the needs of the occupants; as well as highly efficient use of heat, cold, and electricity, energy generation on the façades and the roof via solar systems and an optimal connection to ICT services for entertainment, information, communication, and education. Additional services include personal health assistance and supplementary childcare support. With the the Third Industrial Revolution, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is aiming to actively prepare and stimulate the transformation process in the building sector. In 2015, the total energy demand for heating was 5,723 GWh in the residential sector. 111 Taking into account the 110 See: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-efficiency/buildings 111 STATEC projection 2015. Delivered to TIR Consulting Group in January 2016. 132
Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group average floor space and the number of dwellings, the heat demand was 194 kWh per m 2 floor space per year on the average. In comparison, the heat demand in 2014 in Germany was 149 kWh/m 2 , but with a significantly lower share of single-family buildings than in Luxembourg. A key task is to reduce the energy demand for heating in buildings significantly. The technologies and products for energetic refurbishment are available and numerous projects prove that even a passive-house standard can be achieved by refurbishment. However, the country is faced with a large share of historical buildings, where the protection of the façades limits the possibilities of energetic refurbishment (at least at reasonable costs). In these cases, GHG reduction must be achieved by providing the heat with renewable energy sources (RES). Between 2001 and 2010 only 18,330 refurbishments were carried out in residential buildings, and only a part of them was energetic refurbished. 112 Therefore, the energetic refurbishment rate is below 1% of the building stock per annum and must be more than tripled to refurbish all existing buildings until 2050. Another challenge for the country is the expected growth of the population up to about 1 million inhabitants by 2050, which means an increase of 80%. Assuming that the trend of growing living area per person and declining occupants per dwelling continues, the number of dwellings and the living space will almost double. However, this development is also an opportunity for the country, since for new buildings, from 2017 on, the Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) standard is mandatory, with an energy requirement of 43 kWh/m 2 /a primary energy demand (incl. renewable energy). With almost half of the buildings being built according the NZEB standard, the average specific heating demand will decline significantly. Assuming that 40% of the single-family homes and 15% of the apartment buildings are historical dwellings with very limited refurbishment possibilities, it can be calculated that a reduction of the average heat consumption by 65% per m 2 living area and of 33% for total heat demand can be expected due to the high share of new buildings (see Figure 5). The building working group provided a clear vision and is aiming for “Smart and green buildings in an optimally shared and attractive district.” As further described, the buildings will be green and sustainable, using smart technologies, and will be mainly supported by renewable energy sources as part of a new urban concept. On the district level, an “IntenCity” provides an attractive urban design with lively public spaces, art, and culture, and supports individual initiatives and shared responsibilities, while integrating multiple Information and communication technology (ICT) solutions in a secure way. 112 Luxembourg energy efficiency action plan 2014, page 70 133
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Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group<br />
erection and deployment of "mobile infrastructure and habitats" on a large-scale, similar to the<br />
way refugee camps and front line military outposts are set up. In the future, resiliency has to<br />
also include infrastructure and habitats that can be distributed, decentralized, and modular, to<br />
facilitate dismantlement, shipment, and reassembly in new locations.<br />
We also need to develop a more sophisticated approach to integrating infrastructure, human<br />
habitats, and living patterns with the complex dynamics that animate the evolution of natural<br />
ecosystems, learning from the approaches to short-term and long-term resiliency that evolve in<br />
natural ecosystems as guides to future human development patterns. This will require focusing<br />
greater attention on stigmergic self-organization, emergence, and complexity theory in<br />
modeling the liquid infrastructures and habitats of the future.<br />
An important step toward transforming Luxembourg’s building stock into nodes connected to<br />
the Internet of Things platform is the development of education and training. Education and<br />
training should be implemented in all the education layers, and the basic education programs<br />
of the future generations should consider specific courses on energy strategy and “IntenCities”<br />
objectives.<br />
The building sector is a core element of the TIR roadmap. Buildings are responsible for 40% of<br />
energy consumption and 36% of CO 2 emissions in the EU. 110 Buildings are durable and play an<br />
important role in the economy as investment and property. They allow privacy and define<br />
public spaces between them and they are key elements forming a city. In the past, buildings<br />
often provided only a room to be protected against the weather, with low thermal and other<br />
comfort. In the future, buildings will provide optimal comfort through intelligent and efficient<br />
design and infrastructure as well as ICT systems, which can read the needs of the occupants and<br />
provide a comfortable environment. The buildings will be equipped with a high number of<br />
sensors and intelligent control systems gathering data, which enable the HVAC system to<br />
provide: fresh air at the right temperature depending on the oxygen demand; perfect light<br />
combining daylight and the light spectrum adapted to the needs of the occupants; as well as<br />
highly efficient use of heat, cold, and electricity, energy generation on the façades and the roof<br />
via solar systems and an optimal connection to ICT services for entertainment, information,<br />
communication, and education. Additional services include personal health assistance and<br />
supplementary childcare support.<br />
With the the Third Industrial Revolution, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is aiming to actively<br />
prepare and stimulate the transformation process in the building sector. In 2015, the total<br />
energy demand for heating was 5,723 GWh in the residential sector. 111 Taking into account the<br />
110 See: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-efficiency/buildings<br />
111 STATEC projection 2015. Delivered to TIR Consulting Group in January 2016.<br />
132