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Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group sewer systems, and public school systems. The Depression and World War II slowed the effort, but after the war the laying down of the interstate highway system and the completion of a nationwide electricity grid and telecommunications network provided a mature, fully integrated infrastructure. The Second Industrial Revolution infrastructure advanced productivity across every industry, from automobile production to suburban commercial and residential building developments along the interstate highway exits. During the period from 1900 to 1980 in the United States, aggregate energy efficiency—the ratio of potential to useful physical work that can be extracted from materials—steadily rose along with the development of the nation’s infrastructure, from 2.48 percent to 12.3 percent. The aggregate energy efficiency leveled off in the 1990s at around 14 percent with the completion of the Second Industrial Revolution infrastructure. 5 Despite a significant increase in efficiency, which gave the United States extraordinary productivity and growth, nearly 86 percent of the energy we used in the Second Industrial Revolution was wasted during transmission. Even if we were to upgrade the Second Industrial Revolution infrastructure, there will be only a limited effect on aggregate efficiency, productivity, and growth. Fossil fuel energies have matured. And the technologies designed and engineered to run on these energies, like the internal-combustion engine and the centralized electricity grid, have exhausted their productivity, with little potential left to exploit. Needless to say, 100 percent thermodynamic efficiency is impossible. New studies, however, including one conducted by our global consulting group, show that with the shift to a Third Industrial Revolution infrastructure, it is conceivable to increase aggregate energy efficiency to 60 percent or more over the next 40 years, amounting to a dramatic increase in productivity beyond what the economy experienced in the 20 th Century. A 2015 McKinsey report suggests that the build out and scale up of an Internet of Things infrastructure will have a 'value potential' of between $3.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion per year by 2025. 6 A General Electric study published in November 2012 concludes that the efficiency gains and productivity advances induced by a smart industrial Internet could resound across virtually every economic sector by 2025, impacting “approximately one half of the global economy.” 7 A 5 John A. “Skip” Laitner, Steven Nadel, R. Neal Elliott, Harvey Sachs, and A Siddiq Khan, “The Long-Term Energy Efficiency Potential: What the Evidence Suggests,” American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, January 2012, http://www.garrisoninstitute.org/downloads/ecology /cmb/Laitner_Long-Term_E_E_Potential.pdf, 2 6 See: http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/the-internet-of-things-thevalue-of-digitizing-the-physical-world 7 See: https://www.ge.com/docs/chapters/Industrial_Internet.pdf 12
Third Industrial Revolution Consulting Group 2016 AT Kearney study says that "over the next 10 years, the market for IoT solutions will be worth € 80 billion, and the potential value for the EU28 economy could reach € 1 trillion." The report goes on to say that the increase in productivity alone could exceed € 430 billion in the EU. However, AT Kearney is quick to add that the increased capabilities brought on by the digitalization of the infrastructure will "increase exponentially when connected objects are coordinated." 8 The build out and scale up of the Third Industrial Revolution Internet of Things platform will enable businesses in Luxembourg to dramatically increase aggregate efficiencies across their value chains, increase productivity, and reduce marginal costs and ecological footprint, making the nation a leader in the shift to the new economic paradigm and an ecological society. 8 See: https://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/7125406/The+Internet+of+Things- A+New+Path+to+European+Prosperity.pdf/e5ad6a65-84e5-4c92-b468-200fa4e0b7bc 13
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