gender differential paper IJCRB

ijcrb.webs.com
JUNE 2011
INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 3, NO 2
The Ambient Air Quality in the study area has been monitored by the following instruments;
i. Toxic Gas Monitor
The data for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and Sulphur oxide have been measured with the
instrument named OLDHAM MX21 (Ref: D813615. Code: 98 NU MX21 GB01, France made).
This instrument is a multi gas detector, which is automatically calibrated before the start of
reading. It can simultaneously detect the presence of three gases by means of special sensors for
each type of gas to be detected. These gases may be explosive (methane, propane, butane etc.),
toxic gases like Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO).
ii.
Noise Meter
Sound Level Meter (Model TES -1350A, made by Taiwan) is used for noise level in industrial
estate. The calibration standard of the Sound Level meter is 94.4dB. The noise meter was
calibrated before each visit.
The primary data is collected by using portable digital instrument (model OLDHAM, made in
France and noise meter level.). The instruments were provided by the EPA Peshawar.
(Environmental Protection Agency Peshawar) The data is collected from 7 purposively selected
points throughout the Hayatabad. On each sampling day three readings were taken from every
point in different period of time. The entire secondary data is collected from literature review,
which includes thesis reports, research papers, reports, and Internet information.
A sampling plan was prepared before the study. It was tested and adjusted after feedback from
the field before starting the practical work. The data have been collected from overall Hayatabad
at seven different sampling points for each sampling day. Three readings were noted in different
periods of time i.e. morning (8:00 to 10:00 am), noon (11:00 to 1:00 pm) and after noon (2:00 to
4:00 pm). The sampling points were selected after a detail survey of the Hayatabad.
The seven points selected in Hayatabad for collection of data based on the traffic density are:
i. Phase III Chowk,
ii. Bagh-e-Naran Chowk,
iii. Ring Road Chowk
iv. Phase VII
v. Phase I
vi. Hayatabad Medical Complex
vii. Turn II
All these points were discussed with a few environmental experts. The objective was to have
representative points from the Hayatabad. For each reading a specific table was designed and
the data were recorded at three times a day in these tables.
The primary and secondary data is compiled and it is checked for accuracy through Statistical
package SPSS and then fed to specially design program for analysis and evaluation. In the light
of analysis and evaluation, a report with recommendation is prepared.
Results and Discussion
The quality of ambient air depends upon the condition of the area. Therefore measuring and
monitoring the climatic conditions are pre- requisite for any sort of the study. In the present study
the temperatures (wet and dry) are recorded by thermometers in centigrade scale (C o ). The relative
humidity is calculated for each period of time and then average has been taken for each sampling
day. The data about wind speed, wind direction and rainfall has obtained from the Pakistan
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