gender differential paper IJCRB

ijcrb.webs.com
JUNE 2011
INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 3, NO 2
of departments and educational groups and not at general level of universities. Although
Wilkinson's basis of activity was on efficiency of departments but he studied effectiveness
(product efficiency) in higher education process through modified data. More emphasis has
been put on efficiency of researches' product (Wilkinson, 1993). Beasley (1995) has
studied give-and-take relation of applied resources in departments between education
product and researches product through data envelopment analysis (DEA).
Among the other researches that have studied technical efficiency of universities at a
general level by data envelopment analysis (DEA) is research of Athanassapoulos and
Shale. In this research performance of universities in England is compared with each other
by means of represented statistics of higher education in this country. Forty five (45)
samples were selected among fifty two (52) universities in the Great Britain, since other
universities had a different structure with others or had no full time students. Two general
models were used in this research: studying of cost efficiency (input orientation) and
product efficiency (product orientation). Estimation was performed in both models with
two assumptions of constant return towards scale (CRS) and variable return towards scale
(VRS) (Athanassapoulos and Shale, 1997).
Among the recent works we can refer to Celik and Ecer (2008) research too that have
evaluated efficiency of accounting education in forty five (45) State Universities from
seventy seven (77) reliable universities in Turkey both at the group and department level.
Obtained results reveal that efficiency of universities has problems at these at two levels
that the most important of all is spending of resources more than the permissible limit. But
accounting education is generally effective in programs of B.A course in Turkey.
In Iran Etemadi and Nikkhahazad (1999) have grouped factors and obstacles of accounting
education growth based on elements of higher educational system of the country, i.e.
professors and members of scientific boards of universities, students, educational program
and other factors in a research entitled "recognizing of factors and obstacles of accounting
education growth in Iran and representing of an efficient and effective program". At last he
mentions lack of specialist professors, inattention to their welfare affairs, low level of
students' foreign language knowledge and deemphasizing of theoretical principles as the
most important factors and obstacles of accounting education growth in Iran.
Rezvani and Sameti (2001) have studied efficiency of thirty six (36) big universities of Iran
in a research entitled "studying of efficiency of big universities in Iran by means of data
envelopment analysis method". According to the results fourteen (14) universities are
efficient with the assumption of constant return towards scale (CRS) and sixteen (16)
universities are efficient with the assumption of variable return towards scale (VRS).
Torkashvand and Azar (2006) have evaluated educational and research efficiency of
educational groups of human arts faculty in Tarbiat Moddaress University in a research
entitled " evaluation of educational and research efficiency through data envelopment
analysis: educational groups of human arts faculty in Tarbiat Moddaress University" and
has offered strategies like changing of amount of inputs and outputs in order to improve
efficiency of educational groups.
Heidarynejad, Mozafari and et al (2007) have evaluated efficiency of physical exercise
educational groups of State universities in three different situations with output nature in a
research entitled "evaluation of efficiency of physical exercise educational groups of State
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