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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
JUNE 2011
VOL 3, NO 2
Bridging social capital reduces exchange costs and increases confidence through enhancing
cooperation .But bonding social cooperation have negative effects on social cooperation and
peoples relation to external environment. In a research with the title "Social, Physical and
Human Capitals Analysis in Iranian Economy" (saadat, 1384), 28 states of the country have been
considered. Results show that social capital has a relatively fixed procedure with some
oscillations which are caused by historical, cultural and political problems.
Surveys show that Fars province has the most and baluchestan province has the least social
capital .Also Yazd and Kerman provinces have high and kohkiloyeh has low social capital.
This survey's indicators have been cooperation rate (proportion of members of cultural, artistics
to the whole population) and crime rate justice files in elections, trustfulness, honesty and
general knowledge.
After the Islamic revolution, physical capital has raised but social capital proportion to physical
capital has decreased. Also the proportion of human resources in this period of time has been
ascending and social capital motion to the physical capital has been ascending. The other
conclusion is that human, physical and social capital procedure has been positive.
Theoretical Considerations
Studying economical production and promotion inside countries in the second half of 20 th
century, some conclusions have been achieved which could not been explained by economical
theories. Pantham study in north and southern part of Italy was one of them that for a long time
was a puzzle.
Twenty years research on local and state governments in different regions of Italy by Robert
Pantham showed that participation customs like voting, reading newspapers, membership in
associations and clubs are signs of an effective and efficient government.
So, interactive relation networks and social relations, is the condition of economical and social
modernization not its conclusion (UN, 2001). Nort considers different economical applications
among countries with the same production facilities and finds social capital a key factor,
especially if social capital is proportional to economical development, as in happened it
European countries, it will be effective on promotion and development.
In next discussion, social capital effects on the national and local elements of economical
development will be studied.
Social Capital Effects of Elements and Factors of Economy and Production
Social capital is becoming one of the vital factors in economical development in all over the
world. Tens of researches have shown that for rural development, local public associations are as
important as physical and technological capitalization. Studies have been done to find why some
activities to control common sources like water and pasture resources are successful. But others
have failed. Social capital resources have a great role while government interference leads to
undesired results.
Social capital is not only a tool to achieve development, but also a goal for social developments
(Sen, 1380)
Economical transaction when done in social network is more efficient. Studies which have been
done about efficient industrial sectors, insist on the importance of cooperation between workers
and entrepreneurs.
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