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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
JUNE 2011
VOL 3, NO 2
In the former initiation of IC concept, Skandia was the first company (1994) that
presented the IC of the organization. According to this model, the total market value of the
company is based on two components; financial capital and intellectual capital. The following
Figure 2 is the Skandia’s model which was proposed by Edvinsson (1997).
Market Value of Firm
Financial Capital
Intellectual Capital
Human Capital
Structural Capital
Customer Capital
Organization Capital
Figure
Innovation
2: Skandia
Capital
Value Model
Source: Roos (2001)
Process Capital
Customer Base Customer Relations Customer Potential
Further, Edvisson (1997) has divided intellectual capital into two categories including human
capital and structural capital. As it can be seen, there are some other classifications for structural
capital. There are classifications, which are presented by other scholars over the issue of
intellectual capital. One of the presented models which used the Skandia’ model, tries to measure
two main parts of intellectual capital including human capital and structural capital.
Human capital is defined as a collection that includes knowledge, skills, innovation of
organization and staff, and personal abilities to conduct the affairs assigned to them. Discussion
of the human resources has long been proposed in accounting which is paid especial attention as
the most important intellectual capital. One of the disadvantages in measuring the human capital
is the fact that when the employee leaves the company, the human capital will leave
consequently.
Structural capital as it can be seen, is a combined item and an organized capital which
includes information and communication systems, software, database, trademark and anything
related to organization’s knowledge capabilities which support human productivity. It includes
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