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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
JUNE 2011
VOL 3, NO 2
there is likelihood of further increase. However, the phenomenon has been seen with a different
view globally.
IMPACTS OF INSTITUTIONAL CARE ON CHILDREN
The scholars and researcher have made their efforts to identify the impacts of institutionalization
on children. The findings of some of them are presented below:
- Early studies documented the adverse effects that long-term institutional care had on
young children’s emotional, social, and cognitive development (Goldfarb, 1945).
- In another study, it was pointed out that “In the long term, institutionalization in early
childhood increases the likelihood that impoverished children will grow into
psychiatrically impaired and economically unproductive adults.” ( Frank, Klass, Earls,
and Eisenberg)
- A research on the impacts of institutionalization reported that “The children we
interviewed did not like living in institutions, and their comments included criticism of
institutions for the absence of some essential qualities of parental care. The children
clearly preferred other forms of surrogate care, which scored considerably higher on
those prized qualities. Their comments indicate a wide gap between the blueprint for
institutions found in professional writing and the reality of institutions as the children
perceived it.” (Bush, 1980)
- The Child Health and Illness Profile- Adolescent Edition (CHIP-AE), a new standardized
instrument, was administered to 63 adolescents living in group homes or institutions in
Illinois. The CHIP-AE measured overall health and self-concept, emotional health and
disorders, and achievements of social expectations in education and/or employment. Key
findings of the study show that youth living in group homes or institutions take more
risks, have more threats to achievements, and have poorer peer influences. it was also
noted that it is crucial to help these youth to connect with an adult who can provide
needed support and guidance. It is disturbing to think that the environments in which
these youth live are not providing them with such adult guidance (Altshuler, & Poertner,
2002).
- In 1998, the impacts of institutionalization were assessed. The researchers studied 79
boys aged 12-17 years with histories of previous out-of home placement and serious and
chronic delinquency. Study findings show that “Boys ran away less frequently from
MTFC (Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care) than from group care, completed their
programs more often, and were locked up in detention or training schools less frequently.
MTFC boys had fewer criminal referrals than boys in group care from the time they were
placed through the year after discharge from the programs (Chamberlain & Reid, 1998).
- The research undertaken by California’s Foster Care Information System, University of
California, Berkeley in which up to 52,613 children under age six shows that “Compared
with a primary placement in foster homes, group care for young children results in less
stability, lower rates of adoption, and a greater likelihood of remaining in care.” “Given
that placement into group care costs much more, provides less stability of care giving,
and does not increase the likelihood of adoption, very young children should not be
placed in group care(Berrick, Barth, Needell & Jonson, 1997).”
- Another research study in which comparison of 12 children’s homes to 12 specialized
foster homes was made reported that “Residential caregivers were found to make far
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