gender differential paper IJCRB

ijcrb.webs.com
JUNE 2011
INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS VOL 3, NO 2
In urban areas of district Kohat the average household size is 8.3 with 3.68 of standard deviation.
The maximum number in a household is 20 and the minimum is 2 in urban area of district Kohat.
The average age of household head is recorded 44.5 years with 14.7 of standard deviation. The
maximum age of a household head is observed 70 years while the minimum age is 16 years. The
unemployment mean is calculated 0.42 with 0.86 of standard deviation. The result of the urban
areas of this study shows that the maximum unemployed persons in a household are 4 while the
minimum is 0 in 54 observations. The mean dependency ratio in urban areas of Kohat is 4.38
with standard deviation of 2. The maximum and minimum dependent persons are 12 and 1
members in household respectively. The mean of education of household head is higher in urban
areas as compare to rural areas of the selected district that is 9.6 with 5.41 of the standard
deviation in urban and in rural areas it is 4.39. In urban areas the maximum years of education is
recorded as 21 years while the minimum is 0.
In the rural areas of district Kohat the situation is quite different. The average household size in
rural areas is higher than urban areas. The mean of household size is 9.58 with 4.68 of standard
deviation. The maximum members in a household are recorded 28 while the minimum are 2 in
total 96 respondents from rural region of the district. The average age of household head is
observed higher in rural areas than in urban areas. According to the results the average age of
household head is calculated 47.98 years with 14.49 of standard deviation. In the rural areas the
maximum age of a household is recorded 90 years while minimum is 18 year. Generally it is
seen that the unemployment rate is greater in rural areas than in urban areas. In this study it is
calculated that the mean of unemployment in rural is 0.625 which is greater than urban areas
according to this study. In a household the maximum unemployed members are recorded 7. The
average of dependency ratio in rural area of Kohat district is 4.74 with 2.46 of standard deviation
which is closer to average of urban dependency ratio. The maximum dependent members in a
household are 13 which are greater than the urban dependency ratio while the minimum
dependent members are recorded 1 in a household of rural area. In the rural areas of Pakistan
there is less opportunities of education definitely there will be less literacy rate. As this study
observed that the mean of education of household head is 4.39 with 5.31 of standard deviation.
The maximum years of education is calculated 16 years in urban areas of study district.
Table I. Results of Binary Choice Models
Logit Model
Probit Model
Number of Iterations 8 7
Log likelihood -20.29231 -19.64835
LR statistic (5 df) 38.06851 39.35644
McFadden R-squared 0.484005 0.50038
Results of the probit and logit models are shown in Table 5.4. Logit model has eight iterations
and probit model has seven iterations to produce the maximum likelihood estimates. The value
of McFadden’s R 2 , which is commonly used for the measuring of goodness-of-fit for binary
choice models, is 0.48 for logit and 0.50 is for Probit models. McFadden’s R 2 in the range of 0.2
to 0.5 is classical for such model.
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