gender differential paper IJCRB

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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
JUNE 2011
VOL 3, NO 2
people based on educational degree, and awareness based on working experience is significant.
Table 4- Comparison of average score of servant leadership characteristics in viewpoint of Imam Ali’s
tradition in terms of demographic characteristics
Characteristics Education Working experience Job position
F P F P F P
Listening 1.95 0.124 0.222 0.881 0.727 0.605
Sympathy 2.25 0.086 0.201 0.894 0.228 0.950
Healing 2.36 0.074 0.751 0.524 1.09 0.368
Awareness 0.997 0.397 0.457 0.713 1.18 0.320
Encouragement 1.66 0.178 0.418 0.740 0.140 0.983
Foresight 6.52 0.001 0.344 0.740 1.47 0.203
Stewardship 2.89 0.038 0.305 0.822 2.13 0.065
Commitment
to growth of people
3.99 0.009 0.136 0.939 1.51 0.191
Conceptualization 5.67 0.001 0.330 0.804 1.46 0.206
Building of coherent
groups
3.98 0.012 0.350 0.789 0.986 0.429
Results of table 4 show that the observed F about foresight, stewardship, commitment to growth of people,
conceptualization and building coherent groups has been significant based on educational degree.
14. Discussion and conclusion
Serving human beings whether Muslims or non-Muslims has been much recommended in Islam
and serving creatures is among the superior worships. In management texts, theoretical aspects
of serving are just referred to, while Imam Ali (peace be upon him) has explained diverse
dimensions of serving as he talks about serving skills through stating applied skills. Results
obtained from data analysis in the present survey about determining the existence level of servant
leadership indices in viewpoint of management texts and Imam Ali’s tradition in Najafabad
Islamic Azad University are as follows: results of one variable t-test (comparison of average
score of servant leadership characteristics in viewpoint of management texts and Imam Ali’s
tradition with supposed average of 3) show that the observed t with regard to the characteristic of
commitment to growth of people is lower than the critical amount of table on error level 5%.
Therefore, this characteristic is lower than the average level. The observed t about servant
leadership characteristics in viewpoint of Imam Ali’s tradition about the encouragement
characteristic is lower than the critical amount of table (1.64) on error level 5%. Thus, this
characteristic is lower than the average level.
Comparison of average score of servant leadership characteristics in viewpoint of management
texts and Imam Ali’s tradition in terms of demographic characteristics reveal that the observed F
about conceptualization and commitment to growth of people based on educational degree, and
awareness based on working experience has been significant in management texts' view. The
observed F about foresight, stewardship, commitment to growth of people, conceptualization and
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