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INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
JUNE 2011
VOL 3, NO 2
5. Research background
Results obtained from studies conduct by of some researchers in the country demonstrate that
patriarchal leadership dominates servant leadership in governmental organizations in Iran and
ignorance of followers' role in the organization has lead to weakness of organizational
effectiveness (Norouzi, 2008).
Another research titled” adaptation of managers' behavior with indices of servant leadership and
its effect on employees' confidence level” that has been done at Ferdowsy University in Mashhad
reveals that the more the adaptation of managers' behavior to indices of servant leadership, the
higher the organizational confidence of employees (Khojaste Boujar, 2010).
Studies that have been performed by some foreign researchers in institutes and schools of higher
education imply that institutions in which servant leadership style is executed act more
successfully than others (Murray (2008), Mc Clellan (2008), Vidic (2007), Lcon (2005) and
Carraway (2003)).
6. Leadership in viewpoint of Islam
Existence of a leader and guide for every nation is essential in viewpoint of Islam and the Holy
Koran. According to verse 7 of Al-Raad, the sura existence of a leader and guide is necessary for
every nation.
Necessity of existence of leadership has repeatedly been referred to in the Prophet and Imams'
tradition and especially in eloquent sayings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). The holy prophet
says: when there are three passengers on a trip, one of them must undertake the group leadership
(Kanz Al-Ummal, volume 6:717). Regarding the necessity of existence of a leader for the
society, Imam Ali (peace be upon him)
says: "O people! Know that your interests are provided only by having a government and a
leader, whether he is beneficent or maleficent (description of Nahj al-Balagha, Ibn Abi Al-Hadid,
volume 2, page 307).
7. Serving in Islam's viewpoint
Serving has an extensive and wide concept. It is much recommended in Islamic culture and
education directly or indirectly so that in Islam's viewpoint the most valuable individual is the
one who is the most useful for others (Nahj al-Fasaha:315). In other words, there is a direct
relationship between serving people and the individual's spiritual value and grade in Islam.
The holy prophet considers usefulness and serving people beside having faith in God as the
standard of human's value and says: "faith in God and to serving people are two good traits and
there is nothing better than them" (Bihar al-Anvar, volume 137:74).
8. Boundary of serving
Islam doesn't specify a limit or boundary for serving and doesn't differentiate between Muslims
and non-Muslims. In other words, serving human beings and creatures of God is a desirable and
competent action in view of Islam. The holy Prophet says: "after faith in God, philanthropy and
doing good to people are the best of all reasonable actions, whether people are good and
beneficent or wicked and libertine" (al-Mustadrak, old edition, volume 8:67). Imam Ali (peace
be upon him) says: "goodness and doing good to people are the highest steps of faith" (Gherar al-
Hikam and Dorar al-Kilam, volume 2:1154).
9. Background of servant leadership
Greenleaf stated the term servant leadership for the first time in his impressive article titled
"servant in the role of leader" in 1970. After that time the concept of servant leadership has had a
deep and stable impact on many modern theories and methods of management and leadership.
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