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ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS REFERENCES Akrram, A (1976) Haft-Zabani, Urdu Board, Gulbarg Lahore. Encyclopedia A (1982) Encyclopedia Americana, Vol 20, P- 713 Shafi M. (2008), Maariful Quran, P- 307, Vol-6 Idara Al-Maarif Karachi Encyclopedia AA (1982), Academic America Encyclopedia, P-378, Vol-14 Abdul Rasheed (2008), Bustanul-Mufradat, P-163, Sh-GhulamHusain and Sons Lahore Al-Quran, Surah Al-Mateen Versus-4 Shabeer Ahmad (2009), Tafseer Usmani, P-780, Maktabe Rasheedia, Lahore Al-Quran, Surah Al- Abas, Versus 24-29 Al-Quran, surah Al- Noor, Versus 35 ASl-Quran, surah Al-Anam, Versus-42 Zakriyya M ( 2008), Al-Tarimzi, Karkhaana Tijarat Aram Bagh, Karachi. Nazar A (2009), Tibb-e-Nabvi, Muslim Accademy, Muhd Nagar, Lahore Ibne-Qayyam (2009) Zad-ul-Maad, P-446, Vol-3, Nafees Accademy, Karachi. Khalid(2009) Tibb Nabvi & Moderan Science, P-115, Vol-I, Urdu Bazar Lahore. JUNE 2011 VOL 3, NO 2 COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1252
ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Financial liberalization and financial markets volatility Mohamed Amine BEN GABSIA (Corresponding author) Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty of Business, Commerce and ComputerMontplaisir, Tunis JUNE 2011 VOL 3, NO 2 EZZEDDINE ABAOUB Department of Accounting and Finance Faculty of Sciences, Economics and Management , Nabeul Abstract The aim of this <strong>paper</strong> is to examine the impact of financial liberalization on financial markets volatility. To this end, we use GARCH- and DCC-based econometric tests (GARCH (1,1) and Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH). Examining a sample of 7 countries, observed during the period 1 January 1995 to 1 Mars 2009 on a daily basis, we noted that conditional correlation between these countries is high with an amplification cycle starting from the year 2008. The introduction of the two variables measuring financial liberalization in the variance equation allowed us to notice that among the retained 7 countries, only 4 exhibit a significant yet negative effect of financial liberalization on stock returns conditional volatility. Key words: Financial Liberalization, Financial Markets volatility, DDC-GARCH 1. Introduction Studying the impact of financial liberalization on emerging markets returns volatility has been the subject of an abundant literature. During these last decades, many developing countries engaged themselves in an openness process of their financial markets to foreign investors by eliminating many restrictions like taxes, investment limits, and change and capital control. The empirical studies examining the effect of financial liberalization on markets volatility reached inconclusive conclusions. Indeed, some studies plead in favour of markets volatility increase during the post-liberalization period, whereas other studies point to the opposite, i.e. a decrease of volatility. For instance, Huang and yang (2000) examined the impact of financial liberalization on the volatility of 10 emerging markets during a post-liberalization period and found out that indeed volatility level has increased in South Korea, Mexico and Turkey and a decrease in this volatility in Argentina, Chile, Malaysia and Philippine. The authors insist that no volatility was detected in Thailand, Taiwan and Brazil. Levine and Zervos (1998), studying 16 emerging markets with the aim of assessing the impact of capital account liberalization on stock returns volatility, noted an excessive volatility in these markets during the post-liberalization period. The same conclusions are delivered by Uppal (1998) while examining stock returns volatility variation in Pakistan. More specifically, the obtained results point to a high volatility in the Pakistani market which witnessed stable high volatility levels after the liberalization process. Garbel (1995), studying Chile, Columbia, Venzuela and South Korea, noticed high volatility during the post-liberalization process. However, the author noted a less significant increase in volatility in Argentina and Philippine. Koot and Padmanbhan (1993), using a GARCH model, found out a significant high volatility in the Jamaican stock market. Recently, Jaleel and Samarakoon (2009) studying Sri Lanka noted that stock market volatility is amplified following the liberalization policy. The author used ARCH and TGARCH models to study weekly data observed during a period of 16 years. Umultu, Akdeniz and Salih (2010), studying some emerging markets, tested whether the degree of financial liberalization affects stock returns volatility. The results point to the existence of a negative relationship between degree of liberalization and crises effects. Moreover, the authors noted that financial liberalization degree transfers its negative impact to the returns volatility and the idiosyncratic and local volatilities (inherent to the stocks). In other words, financial liberalization reduces stock returns volatility. In the same line of thinking, several studies indicated that markets volatility smoothens following financial liberalization. Indeed, Kassimatis (2002), using an exponential GARCH model to examine Brazil, India, Pakistan, Philippine, South Korea and Taiwan, showed that market volatility has considerably decreased following the liberalization process adopted by these COPY RIGHT © 2011 Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 1253
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