SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

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INSERT INTO PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL VALUES (18, 55.3, 50.4); INSERT INTO PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL VALUES (19, 50.4, 56.5); DROP TABLE #PAL_CONTROL_TBL; CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE #PAL_CONTROL_TBL( "NAME" VARCHAR (100), "INTARGS" INTEGER, "DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" VARCHAR (100) ); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('THREAD_NUMBER', 2, null, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('MAX_ITERATION', 3000, null, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('HEIGHT_OF_MAP', 4, null, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('WIDTH_OF_MAP', 4, null, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('NORMALIZATION', 0, null, null); DROP TABLE PAL_SOM_MAP_TBL; CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_SOM_MAP_TBL LIKE PAL_SOM_MAP_T; DROP TABLE PAL_SOM_RESASSIGN_TBL; CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_SOM_RESASSIGN_TBL LIKE PAL_SOM_RESASSIGN_T; DROP TABLE PAL_SOM_MODEL_TBL; CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_SOM_MODEL_TBL LIKE PAL_SOM_MODEL_T; CALL "DM_PAL".PAL_SELF_ORG_MAP_PROC(PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL, #PAL_CONTROL_TBL, PAL_SOM_MAP_TBL, PAL_SOM_RESASSIGN_TBL, PAL_SOM_MODEL_TBL) with OVERVIEW; -------- NEXT CLUSTER ASSIGNMENT ---------- DROP TYPE PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_T; CREATE TYPE PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_T AS TABLE( "ID" INTEGER, "CLUSTER" INTEGER, "DISTANCE" DOUBLE ); DROP TABLE PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PDATA_TBL; CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PDATA_TBL("POSITION" INT, "SCHEMA_NAME" NVARCHAR(256), "TYPE_NAME" NVARCHAR(256), "PARAMETER_TYPE" VARCHAR(7)); INSERT INTO PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PDATA_TBL VALUES (1, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_SOM_DATA_T', 'IN'); INSERT INTO PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PDATA_TBL VALUES (2, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_SOM_MODEL_T', 'IN'); INSERT INTO PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PDATA_TBL VALUES (3, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_CONTROL_T', 'IN'); INSERT INTO PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PDATA_TBL VALUES (4, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_T', 'OUT'); CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_DROP('DM_PAL', 'PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PROC'); CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_CREATE('AFLPAL', 'CLUSTERASSIGNMENT', 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PROC', PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PDATA_TBL); DROP TABLE PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL; CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL LIKE PAL_SOM_DATA_T; INSERT INTO PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL VALUES (0, 0.1, 0.2); INSERT INTO PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL VALUES (1, 0.22, 0.25); INSERT INTO PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL VALUES (2, 15.3, 5.4); INSERT INTO PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL VALUES (3, 5.4, 6.5); INSERT INTO PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL VALUES (4, 55.3, 50.4); INSERT INTO PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL VALUES (5, 50.4, 56.5); DROP TABLE PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL; CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL LIKE PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_T; CALL "DM_PAL".PAL_CLUSTERASSIGNMENT_PROC(PAL_SOM_DATA_TBL, PAL_SOM_MODEL_TBL, #PAL_CONTROL_TBL, PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL) with OVERVIEW; SELECT * FROM PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL; Expected Result 46 P U B L I C SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) PAL Functions
PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL: Related Information K-Means [page 63] DBSCAN [page 47] Self-Organizing Maps [page 103] 3.1.5 DBSCAN DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) is a density-based data clustering algorithm. It finds a number of clusters starting from the estimated density distribution of corresponding nodes. DBSCAN requires two parameters: scan radius (eps) and the minimum number of points required to form a cluster (minPts). The algorithm starts with an arbitrary starting point that has not been visited. This point's eps-neighborhood is retrieved, and if the number of points it contains is equal to or greater than minPts, a cluster is started. Otherwise, the point is labeled as noise. These two parameters are very important and are usually determined by user. PAL provides a method to automatically determine these two parameters. You can choose to specify the parameters by yourself or let the system determine them for you. Prerequisites ● ● No missing or null data in the inputs. The data is numeric, not categorical. SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) PAL Functions P U B L I C 47
Page 1 and 2: SAP HANA Platform SPS 12 Document V
Page 3 and 4: Naive Bayes. ......................
Page 5 and 6: 1 What is PAL? SAP HANA’s SQLScri
Page 7 and 8: 2 Getting Started with PAL This sec
Page 9 and 10: The result will tell you whether th
Page 11 and 12: ● : The name of the schema where
Page 13 and 14: CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ARIMAX_DATA
Page 15 and 16: For more information on how to use
Page 17 and 18: Category PAL Algorithm Built-in Fun
Page 19 and 20: Category PAL Algorithm Built-in Fun
Page 21 and 22: The procedure name is the same as s
Page 23 and 24: ● USER1 has been assigned the AFL
Page 25 and 26: 3.1.2 Agglomerate Hierarchical Clus
Page 27 and 28: Table 13: Name Data Type Default Va
Page 29 and 30: Name Data Type Default Value Descri
Page 31 and 32: INSERT INTO DATA_TBL VALUES ('17',
Page 33 and 34: Prerequisites ● ● The input dat
Page 37 and 38: INSERT INTO PAL_AD_DATA_TBL VALUES
Page 39 and 40: The signature table should contain
Page 41 and 42: CREATE TYPE PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_T AS
Page 43 and 44: PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL: For DBSCA
Page 45: For SOM: SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP TY
Page 49 and 50: Table 24: Name Data Type Descriptio
Page 51 and 52: DROP TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T; CREATE TYP
Page 53 and 54: 3.1.6 Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)
Page 55 and 56: Table 29: Name Data Type Descriptio
Page 57 and 58: Output Tables Output format 0: Tabl
Page 59 and 60: INSERT INTO PAL_GMM_PDATA_TBL VALUE
Page 61 and 62: Example 2 SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP T
Page 63 and 64: PAL_GMM_RESULTSMODEL_TBL: 3.1.7 K-M
Page 65 and 66: The signature table should contain
Page 69 and 70: Table 43: Table Column Column Data
Page 71 and 72: INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES
Page 73 and 74: PAL_KMEANS_MODEL_TBL: VALIDATEKMEAN
Page 75 and 76: "V000" DOUBLE, "A0" INTEGER, "A1" I
Page 77 and 78: Expected Result PAL_SILHOUETTE_RESU
Page 79 and 80: Table Column Column Data Type Descr
Page 81 and 82: Example Assume that: ● ● ● DM
Page 83 and 84: PAL_KMEDIANS_ASSIGN_TBL: 3.1.9 K-Me
Page 85 and 86: Position Schema Name Table Type Nam
Page 89 and 90: INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES
Page 91 and 92: The input, parameter, and output ta
Page 93 and 94: Table 67: Table Column Column Data
Page 95 and 96: INSERT INTO PARAMETERS_TBL VALUES (
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DOCTOPICDIST_TBL: GENERALINFO_TBL:
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , ) with
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Name Data Type Default Value Descri
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Expected Result DOCTOPICDIST_TBL: 3
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The following parameters are option
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Table Column Column Data Type Descr
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INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES
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CREATE TYPE PAL_SOM_MODEL_T AS TABL
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PAL_SOM_RESASSIGN_TBL: PAL_SOM_MODE
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Table 78: Table Column Column Data
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INSERT INTO PAL_SLIGHT_SIL_PDATA_TB
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AUC Procedure Generation CALL SYS.A
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Table 85: Name Data Type Default Va
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Example 2 SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP T
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3.2.2 Back Propagation Neural Netwo
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CREATEBPNN This function trains a B
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INSERT INTO PAL_TRAIN_NN_DATA_TBL V
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PAL_TRAIN_NN_RESULT_TBL: PAL_REGRES
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Classification example: SET SCHEMA
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"NAME" VARCHAR(100), "MODEL" CLOB )
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The signature table should contain
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CREATE TYPE PAL_C45_DATA_T AS TABLE
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CART This function is used for clas
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Prerequisites ● ● The target co
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PAL_CHAID_TREEMODEL_TBL: PAL_CHAID_
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INSERT INTO PAL_CM_DATA_TBL VALUES(
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PAL_KNN_RESULTS_TBL: 3.2.8 Logistic
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , , )
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PAL_LOGISTICR_STAT_TBL: PAL_LOGISTI
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Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLA
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Assume that: ● ● ● DM_PAL is
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PAL_FLOGISTICR_FITTED_TBL: Related
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Expected Result PAL_LRMC_MODEL_TBL:
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Table 137: Name Data Type Default V
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SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Librar
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CALL SYS.AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_
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3.2.10 Naive Bayes Naive Bayes is a
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● ● USER1 has been assigned the
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"DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" V
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Position Schema Name Table Type Nam
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DROP TABLE CV_LR_FUNC_TBL; CREATE C
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE FUNC_TBL LIKE F
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DROP TABLE EVALUATION_RESULT_TBL; C
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INSERT INTO PAL_PARA_TBL VALUES('TR
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3.2.13 Random Forest The ransom for
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INSERT INTO PAL_RF_DATA_TBL VALUES
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3.2.14 Support Vector Machine Suppo
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Table 168: Name Data Type Descripti
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CREATE TABLE PAL_SVM_PDATA_TBL("POS
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STRINGARGS VARCHAR(100) ); DROP TYP
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Example 3: Support vector classific
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Related Information SAP HANA Smart
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INSERT INTO PAL_GR_PDATA_TBL values
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , ) wi
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3.3.2 Bi-Variate Natural Logarithmi
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CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE
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Where β0…βn are parameters that
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Assume we have m observation pairs
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Example 1: Fitting multiple linear
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ENET_MLR_PD
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3.3.5 Polynomial Regression Polynom
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insert into PAL_PR_PDATA_TBL values
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The input, parameter, and output ta
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3.4 Association Algorithms This sec
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"STRINGARGS" VARCHAR (100) ); INSER
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Optional Parameters The following p
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INSERT INTO PAL_APRIORI_DATA_TBL VA
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PAL_APRIORI_CONS_ITEMS_TBL: LITEAPR
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INSERT INTO PAL_LITEAPRIORI_DATA_TB
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FPGROWTH (Relational Output) FP-Gro
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); DROP TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_POSTRULE_
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PAL_FPGROWTH_VALUES_TBL: 3.4.3 K-Op
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INSERT INTO PAL_KORD_DATA_TBL VALUE
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Prerequisite No missing or null dat
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. Initial P 0 can be calculated by
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Output Table (Model Table) Table 24
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DROP TYPE PAL_ARIMAX_DATA_T; CREATE
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CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDUR
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We get And variance of the forecast
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ARIMA_PDATA
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMAX_DATA_TBL VAL
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3.5.2 Auto ARIMA This function auto
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● USER1 has been assigned the AFL
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Example 3: Auto Seasonal ARIMA SET
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMA_DATA_TBL VALU
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMA_DATA_TBL VALU
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F 1 = a 0 + b 0 2. Calculation: S t
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INSERT INTO PAL_BROWNSMOOTH_DATA_TB
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3.5.4 Croston's Method The Croston
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SELECT * FROM PAL_CROSTON_STATISTIC
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PAL_FORECASTACCURACYMEASURES_RESULT
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTS
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: SAP HANA Pred
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CREATE TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T AS TABLE
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PAL_FORECASTTRIPLESMOOTHING_RESULT_
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTM
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTM
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , ) wi
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PAL_FORECASTSLR_RESULT_TBL: PAL_FOR
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Note The algorithm is backward comp
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INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES
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Note F 0 is not defined because the
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_DOUBLESMOOT
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3.5.10 Triple Exponential Smoothing
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PAL calculates the prediction inter
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Output Table Table 294: Table Colum
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PAL_TRIPLESMOOTH_RESULT_TBL: PAL_TR
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Once the trend and seasonality are
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_TSSEASONALI
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The difference-sign test counts the
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Optional Parameters The following p
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PAL_TSTREND_TREND_TBL: PAL_TSTREND_
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Parameter Table Mandatory Parameter
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3.6 Preprocessing Algorithms The re
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● ● Smoothing by bin medians: e
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3.6.2 Binning Assignment Binning as
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3.6.3 Convert Category Type to Bina
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"NAME" VARCHAR(100), "INTARGS" INTE
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Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLA
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INSERT INTO PAL_IQR_TESTDT_TBL VALU
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PARTITION This function reads the i
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3.6.6 Posterior Scaling Posterior s
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Expected Result PAL_NEW_SCALING_TBL
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INSERT INTO PAL_PCA_DATA_TBL VALUES
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INSERT INTO PAL_PCAPROJ_PDATA_TBL V
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INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRRANDOM_PDATA_T
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INSERT INTO PAL_SAMPLING_DATA_TBL V
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If method is 4 and SAMPLING_SIZE is
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DROP TABLE PAL_SAMPLING_PDATA_TBL;
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Expected Result 3.6.10 Scaling Rang
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Prerequisite Each column must conta
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PAL_MISSING_VALUES_RESULT_TBL: PAL_
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The procedure name is the same as s
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INSERT INTO PAL_VT_DATA_TBL VALUES
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The procedure name is the same as s
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3.7.2 Chi-Squared Test for Independ
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DISTRPROB This function calculates
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"VALUE" DOUBLE ); DROP TABLE PDATA_
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"DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" V
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"TYPE_NAME" NVARCHAR(256), "PARAMET
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2. Calculate PAL also supports the
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The Kaplan-Meier estimator can be r
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PAL_KMSURV_LOGRANK_STAT2_TBL: 3.7.7
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CREATE TYPE PAL_DISTRQUANTILE_RESUL
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where x' = x - Table 404: Definitio
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Let the sample mean of x and y be:
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CREATE TYPE PAL_VAREQUALTEST_DATA1_
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The quantity is computed as a weigh
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Prerequisites ● ● Input data ca
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"PARAMETER_TYPE" VARCHAR(7) ); INSE
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Signature Input Tables Table 425: T
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CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDUR
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"DISTANCE" DOUBLE ); DROP TYPE PAL_
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"STRINGARGS" VARCHAR(100) ); --crea
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The projected estimates are single
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INSERT INTO PDATA VALUES (2, 'DM_PA
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----product revenue---- DELETE FROM
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---- calculate net present value of
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UPDATE PAL_DISTRPROB_DISTRPARAM_TBL
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Then we get the survival estimates
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INSERT INTO PAL_TRIAL_DATA_TBL VALU
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INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRFITCENSORED_DA
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The expected results are as follows
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); INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRPROB_PDATA_
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Important Disclaimers and Legal Inf
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SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

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