SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

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RESULT_TBL: 3.1.3 Anomaly Detection Anomaly detection is used to find the existing data objects that do not comply with the general behavior or model of the data. Such data objects, which are grossly different from or inconsistent with the remaining set of data, are called anomalies or outliers. Sometimes anomalies are also referred to as discordant observations, exceptions, aberrations, surprises, peculiarities or contaminants in different application domains. Anomalies in data can translate to significant (and often critical) actionable information in a wide variety of application domains. For example, an anomalous traffic pattern in a computer network could mean that a hacked computer is sending out sensitive data to an unauthorized destination. An anomalous MRI image may indicate presence of malignant tumors. Anomalies in credit card transaction data could indicate credit card or identity theft or anomalous readings from a space craft sensor could signify a fault in some component of the space craft. PAL uses k-means to realize anomaly detection in two steps: 1. Use k-means to group the origin data into k clusters. 2. Identify some points that are far from all cluster centers as anomalies. 32 P U B L I C SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) PAL Functions
Prerequisites ● ● The input data contains an ID column and the other columns are of integer or double data type. The input data does not contain null value. The algorithm will issue errors when encountering null values. ANOMALYDETECTION Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_CREATE (‘AFLPAL’, ‘ANOMALYDETECTION’, ‘’, '', ); The signature table should contain the following records: Table 15: Position Schema Name Table Type Name Parameter Type 1 IN 2 IN 3 OUT 4 OUT (optional) 5 OUT (optional) Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , , ) with overview; The procedure name is the same as specified in the procedure generation. The input, parameter, and output tables must be of the types specified in the signature table. Signature Input Table Table 16: Table Column Column Data Type Description Constraint Data 1st column Integer, bigint, varchar, or nvarchar ID It must be the first column. Other columns Integer or double Attribute data Parameter Table Mandatory Parameters None. SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) PAL Functions P U B L I C 33
Page 1 and 2: SAP HANA Platform SPS 12 Document V
Page 3 and 4: Naive Bayes. ......................
Page 5 and 6: 1 What is PAL? SAP HANA’s SQLScri
Page 7 and 8: 2 Getting Started with PAL This sec
Page 9 and 10: The result will tell you whether th
Page 11 and 12: ● : The name of the schema where
Page 13 and 14: CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ARIMAX_DATA
Page 15 and 16: For more information on how to use
Page 17 and 18: Category PAL Algorithm Built-in Fun
Page 19 and 20: Category PAL Algorithm Built-in Fun
Page 21 and 22: The procedure name is the same as s
Page 23 and 24: ● USER1 has been assigned the AFL
Page 25 and 26: 3.1.2 Agglomerate Hierarchical Clus
Page 27 and 28: Table 13: Name Data Type Default Va
Page 29 and 30: Name Data Type Default Value Descri
Page 31: INSERT INTO DATA_TBL VALUES ('17',
Page 37 and 38: INSERT INTO PAL_AD_DATA_TBL VALUES
Page 39 and 40: The signature table should contain
Page 41 and 42: CREATE TYPE PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_T AS
Page 43 and 44: PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL: For DBSCA
Page 45 and 46: For SOM: SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP TY
Page 47 and 48: PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL: Related I
Page 49 and 50: Table 24: Name Data Type Descriptio
Page 51 and 52: DROP TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T; CREATE TYP
Page 53 and 54: 3.1.6 Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)
Page 55 and 56: Table 29: Name Data Type Descriptio
Page 57 and 58: Output Tables Output format 0: Tabl
Page 59 and 60: INSERT INTO PAL_GMM_PDATA_TBL VALUE
Page 61 and 62: Example 2 SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP T
Page 63 and 64: PAL_GMM_RESULTSMODEL_TBL: 3.1.7 K-M
Page 65 and 66: The signature table should contain
Page 69 and 70: Table 43: Table Column Column Data
Page 71 and 72: INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES
Page 73 and 74: PAL_KMEANS_MODEL_TBL: VALIDATEKMEAN
Page 75 and 76: "V000" DOUBLE, "A0" INTEGER, "A1" I
Page 77 and 78: Expected Result PAL_SILHOUETTE_RESU
Page 79 and 80: Table Column Column Data Type Descr
Page 81 and 82: Example Assume that: ● ● ● DM
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PAL_KMEDIANS_ASSIGN_TBL: 3.1.9 K-Me
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Position Schema Name Table Type Nam
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Name Data Type Default Value Descri
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INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES
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The input, parameter, and output ta
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Table 67: Table Column Column Data
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INSERT INTO PARAMETERS_TBL VALUES (
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DOCTOPICDIST_TBL: GENERALINFO_TBL:
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , ) with
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Expected Result DOCTOPICDIST_TBL: 3
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The following parameters are option
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Table Column Column Data Type Descr
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CREATE TYPE PAL_SOM_MODEL_T AS TABL
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PAL_SOM_RESASSIGN_TBL: PAL_SOM_MODE
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INSERT INTO PAL_SLIGHT_SIL_PDATA_TB
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AUC Procedure Generation CALL SYS.A
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Table 85: Name Data Type Default Va
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Example 2 SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP T
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3.2.2 Back Propagation Neural Netwo
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CREATEBPNN This function trains a B
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INSERT INTO PAL_TRAIN_NN_DATA_TBL V
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PAL_TRAIN_NN_RESULT_TBL: PAL_REGRES
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Classification example: SET SCHEMA
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"NAME" VARCHAR(100), "MODEL" CLOB )
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The signature table should contain
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CREATE TYPE PAL_C45_DATA_T AS TABLE
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CART This function is used for clas
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Prerequisites ● ● The target co
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PAL_CHAID_TREEMODEL_TBL: PAL_CHAID_
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INSERT INTO PAL_CM_DATA_TBL VALUES(
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PAL_KNN_RESULTS_TBL: 3.2.8 Logistic
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , , )
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PAL_LOGISTICR_STAT_TBL: PAL_LOGISTI
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Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLA
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Assume that: ● ● ● DM_PAL is
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PAL_FLOGISTICR_FITTED_TBL: Related
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Expected Result PAL_LRMC_MODEL_TBL:
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Table 137: Name Data Type Default V
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SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Librar
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CALL SYS.AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_
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3.2.10 Naive Bayes Naive Bayes is a
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● ● USER1 has been assigned the
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"DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" V
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Position Schema Name Table Type Nam
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DROP TABLE CV_LR_FUNC_TBL; CREATE C
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE FUNC_TBL LIKE F
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DROP TABLE EVALUATION_RESULT_TBL; C
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INSERT INTO PAL_PARA_TBL VALUES('TR
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3.2.13 Random Forest The ransom for
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INSERT INTO PAL_RF_DATA_TBL VALUES
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3.2.14 Support Vector Machine Suppo
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Table 168: Name Data Type Descripti
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CREATE TABLE PAL_SVM_PDATA_TBL("POS
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STRINGARGS VARCHAR(100) ); DROP TYP
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Example 3: Support vector classific
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Related Information SAP HANA Smart
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INSERT INTO PAL_GR_PDATA_TBL values
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , ) wi
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3.3.2 Bi-Variate Natural Logarithmi
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CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE
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Where β0…βn are parameters that
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Assume we have m observation pairs
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Example 1: Fitting multiple linear
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ENET_MLR_PD
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3.3.5 Polynomial Regression Polynom
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insert into PAL_PR_PDATA_TBL values
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The input, parameter, and output ta
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3.4 Association Algorithms This sec
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"STRINGARGS" VARCHAR (100) ); INSER
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Optional Parameters The following p
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INSERT INTO PAL_APRIORI_DATA_TBL VA
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PAL_APRIORI_CONS_ITEMS_TBL: LITEAPR
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INSERT INTO PAL_LITEAPRIORI_DATA_TB
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FPGROWTH (Relational Output) FP-Gro
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); DROP TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_POSTRULE_
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PAL_FPGROWTH_VALUES_TBL: 3.4.3 K-Op
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INSERT INTO PAL_KORD_DATA_TBL VALUE
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Prerequisite No missing or null dat
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. Initial P 0 can be calculated by
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Output Table (Model Table) Table 24
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DROP TYPE PAL_ARIMAX_DATA_T; CREATE
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CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDUR
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We get And variance of the forecast
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ARIMA_PDATA
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMAX_DATA_TBL VAL
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3.5.2 Auto ARIMA This function auto
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● USER1 has been assigned the AFL
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Example 3: Auto Seasonal ARIMA SET
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMA_DATA_TBL VALU
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMA_DATA_TBL VALU
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F 1 = a 0 + b 0 2. Calculation: S t
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INSERT INTO PAL_BROWNSMOOTH_DATA_TB
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3.5.4 Croston's Method The Croston
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SELECT * FROM PAL_CROSTON_STATISTIC
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PAL_FORECASTACCURACYMEASURES_RESULT
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTS
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: SAP HANA Pred
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CREATE TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T AS TABLE
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PAL_FORECASTTRIPLESMOOTHING_RESULT_
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTM
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTM
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , ) wi
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PAL_FORECASTSLR_RESULT_TBL: PAL_FOR
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Note The algorithm is backward comp
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Note F 0 is not defined because the
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_DOUBLESMOOT
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3.5.10 Triple Exponential Smoothing
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PAL calculates the prediction inter
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Output Table Table 294: Table Colum
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PAL_TRIPLESMOOTH_RESULT_TBL: PAL_TR
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Once the trend and seasonality are
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_TSSEASONALI
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The difference-sign test counts the
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Optional Parameters The following p
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PAL_TSTREND_TREND_TBL: PAL_TSTREND_
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Parameter Table Mandatory Parameter
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3.6 Preprocessing Algorithms The re
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● ● Smoothing by bin medians: e
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3.6.2 Binning Assignment Binning as
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3.6.3 Convert Category Type to Bina
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"NAME" VARCHAR(100), "INTARGS" INTE
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Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLA
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INSERT INTO PAL_IQR_TESTDT_TBL VALU
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PARTITION This function reads the i
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3.6.6 Posterior Scaling Posterior s
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Expected Result PAL_NEW_SCALING_TBL
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INSERT INTO PAL_PCA_DATA_TBL VALUES
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INSERT INTO PAL_PCAPROJ_PDATA_TBL V
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INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRRANDOM_PDATA_T
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INSERT INTO PAL_SAMPLING_DATA_TBL V
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If method is 4 and SAMPLING_SIZE is
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DROP TABLE PAL_SAMPLING_PDATA_TBL;
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Expected Result 3.6.10 Scaling Rang
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Prerequisite Each column must conta
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PAL_MISSING_VALUES_RESULT_TBL: PAL_
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The procedure name is the same as s
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INSERT INTO PAL_VT_DATA_TBL VALUES
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The procedure name is the same as s
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3.7.2 Chi-Squared Test for Independ
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DISTRPROB This function calculates
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"VALUE" DOUBLE ); DROP TABLE PDATA_
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"DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" V
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"TYPE_NAME" NVARCHAR(256), "PARAMET
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2. Calculate PAL also supports the
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The Kaplan-Meier estimator can be r
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PAL_KMSURV_LOGRANK_STAT2_TBL: 3.7.7
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CREATE TYPE PAL_DISTRQUANTILE_RESUL
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where x' = x - Table 404: Definitio
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Let the sample mean of x and y be:
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CREATE TYPE PAL_VAREQUALTEST_DATA1_
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The quantity is computed as a weigh
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Prerequisites ● ● Input data ca
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"PARAMETER_TYPE" VARCHAR(7) ); INSE
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Signature Input Tables Table 425: T
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CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDUR
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"DISTANCE" DOUBLE ); DROP TYPE PAL_
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"STRINGARGS" VARCHAR(100) ); --crea
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The projected estimates are single
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INSERT INTO PDATA VALUES (2, 'DM_PA
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----product revenue---- DELETE FROM
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---- calculate net present value of
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UPDATE PAL_DISTRPROB_DISTRPARAM_TBL
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Then we get the survival estimates
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INSERT INTO PAL_TRIAL_DATA_TBL VALU
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INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRFITCENSORED_DA
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The expected results are as follows
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); INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRPROB_PDATA_
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Important Disclaimers and Legal Inf
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SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

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