SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

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Name Data Type Default Value Description TIMEOUT Integer 3600 The function will automatically terminate if its running time is longer than the TIME OUT value (unit: second). Output Tables Table 239: Table Column Column Data Type Description Prerule Result 1st column Integer Rule ID 2nd column Varchar or nvarchar Item Postrule Result 1st column Integer Rule ID 2nd column Varchar or nvarchar Item Statistics Result 1st column Integer Rule ID 2nd column Double Support 3rd column Double Confidence 4th column Double Lift Example Assume that: ● ● ● DM_PAL is a schema belonging to USER1; and USER1 has been assigned the AFLPM_CREATOR_ERASER_EXECUTE role; and USER1 has been assigned the AFL__SYS_AFL_AFLPAL_EXECUTE or AFL__SYS_AFL_AFLPAL_EXECUTE_WITH_GRANT_OPTION role. SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_T; CREATE TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_T AS TABLE( "TRANS" INTEGER, "ITEM" INTEGER ); DROP TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T; CREATE TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T AS TABLE( "NAME" VARCHAR(100), "INTARGS" INTEGER, "DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" VARCHAR(100) ); DROP TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_PRERULE_T; CREATE TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_PRERULE_T AS TABLE( "ID" INTEGER, "PRERULE" INTEGER 312 P U B L I C SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) PAL Functions
); DROP TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_POSTRULE_T; CREATE TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_POSTRULE_T AS TABLE( "ID" INTEGER, "POSTRULE" INTEGER ); DROP TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_VALUES_T; CREATE TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_VALUES_T AS TABLE( "ID" INTEGER, "SUPPORT" DOUBLE, "CONFIDENCE" DOUBLE, "LIFT" DOUBLE ); DROP TABLE PAL_FPGROWTH_PDATA_TBL; CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_FPGROWTH_PDATA_TBL( "POSITION" INT, "SCHEMA_NAME" NVARCHAR(256), "TYPE_NAME" NVARCHAR(256), "PARAMETER_TYPE" VARCHAR(7) ); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_PDATA_TBL VALUES (1, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_T', 'in'); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_PDATA_TBL VALUES (2, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_CONTROL_T', 'in'); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_PDATA_TBL VALUES (3, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_FPGROWTH_PRERULE_T', 'out'); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_PDATA_TBL VALUES (4, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_FPGROWTH_POSTRULE_T', 'out'); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_PDATA_TBL VALUES (5, 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_FPGROWTH_VALUES_T', 'out'); CALL SYS.AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_DROP('DM_PAL', 'PAL_FPGROWTH_PROC'); CALL SYS.AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_CREATE('AFLPAL', 'FPGROWTH', 'DM_PAL', 'PAL_FPGROWTH_PROC', PAL_FPGROWTH_PDATA_TBL); DROP TABLE #PAL_CONTROL_TBL; CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE #PAL_CONTROL_TBL ( "NAME" VARCHAR(100), "INTARGS" INTEGER, "DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" VARCHAR (100) ); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('THREAD_NUMBER', 1, null, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('MIN_SUPPORT', null, 0.2, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('MIN_CONFIDENCE', null, 0.5, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('MIN_LIFT', null, 1, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('MAXITEMLENGTH', 5, null, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('MAX_CONSEQUENT', 1, null, null); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('LHS_RESTRICT', null, null, '1'); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('LHS_RESTRICT', null, null, '2'); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('LHS_RESTRICT', null, null, '3'); INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES ('TIMEOUT', 60, null, null); DROP TABLE PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL; CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL LIKE PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_T; INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (1, 1); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (1, 2); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (2, 2); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (2, 3); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (2, 4); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (3, 1); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (3, 3); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (3, 4); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (3, 5); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (4, 1); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (4, 4); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (4, 5); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (5, 1); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (5, 2); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (6, 1); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (6, 2); INSERT INTO PAL_FPGROWTH_DATA_TBL VALUES (6, 3); SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) PAL Functions P U B L I C 313
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SAP HANA Platform SPS 12 Document V
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Naive Bayes. ......................
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1 What is PAL? SAP HANA’s SQLScri
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2 Getting Started with PAL This sec
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The result will tell you whether th
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● : The name of the schema where
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ARIMAX_DATA
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For more information on how to use
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Category PAL Algorithm Built-in Fun
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Category PAL Algorithm Built-in Fun
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The procedure name is the same as s
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● USER1 has been assigned the AFL
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3.1.2 Agglomerate Hierarchical Clus
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Table 13: Name Data Type Default Va
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Name Data Type Default Value Descri
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INSERT INTO DATA_TBL VALUES ('17',
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Prerequisites ● ● The input dat
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INSERT INTO PAL_AD_DATA_TBL VALUES
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The signature table should contain
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CREATE TYPE PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_T AS
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PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL: For DBSCA
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For SOM: SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP TY
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PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL: Related I
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Table 24: Name Data Type Descriptio
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DROP TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T; CREATE TYP
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3.1.6 Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)
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Table 29: Name Data Type Descriptio
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Output Tables Output format 0: Tabl
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INSERT INTO PAL_GMM_PDATA_TBL VALUE
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Example 2 SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP T
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PAL_GMM_RESULTSMODEL_TBL: 3.1.7 K-M
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Table 43: Table Column Column Data
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INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES
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PAL_KMEANS_MODEL_TBL: VALIDATEKMEAN
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"V000" DOUBLE, "A0" INTEGER, "A1" I
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Expected Result PAL_SILHOUETTE_RESU
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Table Column Column Data Type Descr
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Example Assume that: ● ● ● DM
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PAL_KMEDIANS_ASSIGN_TBL: 3.1.9 K-Me
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Position Schema Name Table Type Nam
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The input, parameter, and output ta
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INSERT INTO PARAMETERS_TBL VALUES (
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DOCTOPICDIST_TBL: GENERALINFO_TBL:
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , ) with
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Expected Result DOCTOPICDIST_TBL: 3
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The following parameters are option
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CREATE TYPE PAL_SOM_MODEL_T AS TABL
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PAL_SOM_RESASSIGN_TBL: PAL_SOM_MODE
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INSERT INTO PAL_SLIGHT_SIL_PDATA_TB
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AUC Procedure Generation CALL SYS.A
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Table 85: Name Data Type Default Va
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Example 2 SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP T
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3.2.2 Back Propagation Neural Netwo
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CREATEBPNN This function trains a B
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INSERT INTO PAL_TRAIN_NN_DATA_TBL V
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PAL_TRAIN_NN_RESULT_TBL: PAL_REGRES
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Classification example: SET SCHEMA
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"NAME" VARCHAR(100), "MODEL" CLOB )
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CREATE TYPE PAL_C45_DATA_T AS TABLE
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CART This function is used for clas
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Prerequisites ● ● The target co
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PAL_CHAID_TREEMODEL_TBL: PAL_CHAID_
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INSERT INTO PAL_CM_DATA_TBL VALUES(
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PAL_KNN_RESULTS_TBL: 3.2.8 Logistic
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , , )
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PAL_LOGISTICR_STAT_TBL: PAL_LOGISTI
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Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLA
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Assume that: ● ● ● DM_PAL is
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PAL_FLOGISTICR_FITTED_TBL: Related
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Expected Result PAL_LRMC_MODEL_TBL:
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Table 137: Name Data Type Default V
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SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Librar
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CALL SYS.AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_
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3.2.10 Naive Bayes Naive Bayes is a
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● ● USER1 has been assigned the
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"DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" V
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Position Schema Name Table Type Nam
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DROP TABLE CV_LR_FUNC_TBL; CREATE C
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE FUNC_TBL LIKE F
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DROP TABLE EVALUATION_RESULT_TBL; C
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INSERT INTO PAL_PARA_TBL VALUES('TR
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3.2.13 Random Forest The ransom for
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INSERT INTO PAL_RF_DATA_TBL VALUES
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3.2.14 Support Vector Machine Suppo
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Table 168: Name Data Type Descripti
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CREATE TABLE PAL_SVM_PDATA_TBL("POS
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STRINGARGS VARCHAR(100) ); DROP TYP
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Example 3: Support vector classific
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Related Information SAP HANA Smart
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INSERT INTO PAL_GR_PDATA_TBL values
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , ) wi
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3.3.2 Bi-Variate Natural Logarithmi
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CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE
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Where β0…βn are parameters that
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Page 261 and 262: CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE
Page 263 and 264: Table Column Column Data Type Descr
Page 265 and 266: Assume we have m observation pairs
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Page 271 and 272: Example 1: Fitting multiple linear
Page 273 and 274: CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ENET_MLR_PD
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Page 277 and 278: 3.3.5 Polynomial Regression Polynom
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Page 283 and 284: The input, parameter, and output ta
Page 285 and 286: 3.4 Association Algorithms This sec
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Page 293 and 294: Optional Parameters The following p
Page 297 and 298: INSERT INTO PAL_APRIORI_DATA_TBL VA
Page 299 and 300: PAL_APRIORI_CONS_ITEMS_TBL: LITEAPR
Page 303 and 304: INSERT INTO PAL_LITEAPRIORI_DATA_TB
Page 305 and 306: Table 233: Table Column Column Data
Page 309 and 310: FPGROWTH (Relational Output) FP-Gro
Page 311: Name Data Type Default Value Descri
Page 315 and 316: PAL_FPGROWTH_VALUES_TBL: 3.4.3 K-Op
Page 319 and 320: INSERT INTO PAL_KORD_DATA_TBL VALUE
Page 321 and 322: Prerequisite No missing or null dat
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Page 325 and 326: Output Table (Model Table) Table 24
Page 327 and 328: DROP TYPE PAL_ARIMAX_DATA_T; CREATE
Page 329 and 330: CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDUR
Page 331 and 332: We get And variance of the forecast
Page 333 and 334: CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ARIMA_PDATA
Page 335 and 336: Table Column Column Data Type Descr
Page 337 and 338: INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMAX_DATA_TBL VAL
Page 339 and 340: 3.5.2 Auto ARIMA This function auto
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Page 347 and 348: CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE
Page 349 and 350: Example 3: Auto Seasonal ARIMA SET
Page 351 and 352: INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMA_DATA_TBL VALU
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Page 355 and 356: F 1 = a 0 + b 0 2. Calculation: S t
Page 359 and 360: INSERT INTO PAL_BROWNSMOOTH_DATA_TB
Page 361 and 362: 3.5.4 Croston's Method The Croston
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SELECT * FROM PAL_CROSTON_STATISTIC
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PAL_FORECASTACCURACYMEASURES_RESULT
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTS
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: SAP HANA Pred
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CREATE TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T AS TABLE
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PAL_FORECASTTRIPLESMOOTHING_RESULT_
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTM
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTM
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , ) wi
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PAL_FORECASTSLR_RESULT_TBL: PAL_FOR
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Note The algorithm is backward comp
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Note F 0 is not defined because the
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_DOUBLESMOOT
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3.5.10 Triple Exponential Smoothing
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PAL calculates the prediction inter
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Output Table Table 294: Table Colum
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PAL_TRIPLESMOOTH_RESULT_TBL: PAL_TR
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Once the trend and seasonality are
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_TSSEASONALI
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The difference-sign test counts the
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Optional Parameters The following p
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PAL_TSTREND_TREND_TBL: PAL_TSTREND_
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Parameter Table Mandatory Parameter
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3.6 Preprocessing Algorithms The re
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● ● Smoothing by bin medians: e
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3.6.2 Binning Assignment Binning as
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3.6.3 Convert Category Type to Bina
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"NAME" VARCHAR(100), "INTARGS" INTE
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Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLA
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INSERT INTO PAL_IQR_TESTDT_TBL VALU
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PARTITION This function reads the i
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3.6.6 Posterior Scaling Posterior s
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Expected Result PAL_NEW_SCALING_TBL
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INSERT INTO PAL_PCA_DATA_TBL VALUES
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INSERT INTO PAL_PCAPROJ_PDATA_TBL V
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INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRRANDOM_PDATA_T
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INSERT INTO PAL_SAMPLING_DATA_TBL V
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If method is 4 and SAMPLING_SIZE is
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DROP TABLE PAL_SAMPLING_PDATA_TBL;
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Expected Result 3.6.10 Scaling Rang
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Prerequisite Each column must conta
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PAL_MISSING_VALUES_RESULT_TBL: PAL_
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INSERT INTO PAL_VT_DATA_TBL VALUES
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3.7.2 Chi-Squared Test for Independ
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DISTRPROB This function calculates
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"VALUE" DOUBLE ); DROP TABLE PDATA_
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"DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" V
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"TYPE_NAME" NVARCHAR(256), "PARAMET
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2. Calculate PAL also supports the
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The Kaplan-Meier estimator can be r
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PAL_KMSURV_LOGRANK_STAT2_TBL: 3.7.7
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CREATE TYPE PAL_DISTRQUANTILE_RESUL
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where x' = x - Table 404: Definitio
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Let the sample mean of x and y be:
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CREATE TYPE PAL_VAREQUALTEST_DATA1_
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The quantity is computed as a weigh
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Prerequisites ● ● Input data ca
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"PARAMETER_TYPE" VARCHAR(7) ); INSE
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Signature Input Tables Table 425: T
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CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDUR
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"DISTANCE" DOUBLE ); DROP TYPE PAL_
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"STRINGARGS" VARCHAR(100) ); --crea
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The projected estimates are single
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INSERT INTO PDATA VALUES (2, 'DM_PA
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----product revenue---- DELETE FROM
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---- calculate net present value of
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UPDATE PAL_DISTRPROB_DISTRPARAM_TBL
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Then we get the survival estimates
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INSERT INTO PAL_TRIAL_DATA_TBL VALU
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INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRFITCENSORED_DA
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The expected results are as follows
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); INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRPROB_PDATA_
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Important Disclaimers and Legal Inf
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SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

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