SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

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Position Schema Name Table Type Name Parameter Type 5 OUT 5 OUT Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , , , ) with overview; The procedure name is the same as specified in the procedure generation. The input, parameter, and output tables must be of the types specified in the signature table. Signature Input Table Table 160: Table Column Column Data Type Description Constraint Training Data Columns Varchar, nvarchar, double, or integer Independent fields. Last column Varchar, nvarchar, Dependent field. Null values are not al double, or integer The varchar type is lowed. used for classification, and double type is for regression. The integer type is by default used for classification, but if intentionally treated as continuous variable, then it is solved as regression. Parameter Table Mandatory Parameters None. Optional Parameters The following parameters are optional. If a parameter is not specified, PAL will use its default value. 220 P U B L I C SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) PAL Functions
Table 161: Name Data Type Default Value Description TREES_NUM Integer 500 Specifies the number of trees in the random forest. TRY_NUM Integer sqrt(p) (for classification) or p/3(for regression), where p is the number of independent variables Specifies the number of randomly selected splitting variables. CONTINUOUS_COL Integer Detected from input data Indicates which columns are continuous attributes. The default behavior is: ● ● String or integer: categorical Double: continuous Output Tables Table 162: Table Column Column Data Type Description Model 1st column Integer ID 2nd column Integer Tree index 3rd column Varchar or nvarchar Model content. The length should be 5000. Variable Importance 1st column Varchar or nvarchar Independent field name 2nd column Double Variable importance Error Rate (for classification) or Mean Squared Error (for regression) Confusion Matrix (for classification only) 1st column Integer Tree index 2nd column Double Out-of-bag error rate or mean squared error for random forest up to indexed tree 1st column Integer ID 2nd column Varchar or nvarchar Confusion matrix content Example Assume that: ● DM_PAL is a schema belonging to USER1; and SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL) PAL Functions P U B L I C 221
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SAP HANA Platform SPS 12 Document V
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Naive Bayes. ......................
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1 What is PAL? SAP HANA’s SQLScri
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2 Getting Started with PAL This sec
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The result will tell you whether th
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● : The name of the schema where
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ARIMAX_DATA
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For more information on how to use
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Category PAL Algorithm Built-in Fun
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Category PAL Algorithm Built-in Fun
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The procedure name is the same as s
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● USER1 has been assigned the AFL
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3.1.2 Agglomerate Hierarchical Clus
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Table 13: Name Data Type Default Va
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Name Data Type Default Value Descri
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INSERT INTO DATA_TBL VALUES ('17',
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Prerequisites ● ● The input dat
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INSERT INTO PAL_AD_DATA_TBL VALUES
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The signature table should contain
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CREATE TYPE PAL_KMEANS_CENTERS_T AS
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PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL: For DBSCA
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For SOM: SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP TY
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PAL_CLUSTER_ASSIGNED_TBL: Related I
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Table 24: Name Data Type Descriptio
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DROP TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T; CREATE TYP
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3.1.6 Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)
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Table 29: Name Data Type Descriptio
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Output Tables Output format 0: Tabl
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INSERT INTO PAL_GMM_PDATA_TBL VALUE
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Example 2 SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP T
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PAL_GMM_RESULTSMODEL_TBL: 3.1.7 K-M
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Table 43: Table Column Column Data
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INSERT INTO #PAL_CONTROL_TBL VALUES
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PAL_KMEANS_MODEL_TBL: VALIDATEKMEAN
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"V000" DOUBLE, "A0" INTEGER, "A1" I
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Expected Result PAL_SILHOUETTE_RESU
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Table Column Column Data Type Descr
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Example Assume that: ● ● ● DM
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PAL_KMEDIANS_ASSIGN_TBL: 3.1.9 K-Me
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Position Schema Name Table Type Nam
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The input, parameter, and output ta
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INSERT INTO PARAMETERS_TBL VALUES (
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DOCTOPICDIST_TBL: GENERALINFO_TBL:
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , ) with
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Expected Result DOCTOPICDIST_TBL: 3
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The following parameters are option
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CREATE TYPE PAL_SOM_MODEL_T AS TABL
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PAL_SOM_RESASSIGN_TBL: PAL_SOM_MODE
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INSERT INTO PAL_SLIGHT_SIL_PDATA_TB
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AUC Procedure Generation CALL SYS.A
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Table 85: Name Data Type Default Va
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Example 2 SET SCHEMA DM_PAL; DROP T
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3.2.2 Back Propagation Neural Netwo
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CREATEBPNN This function trains a B
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INSERT INTO PAL_TRAIN_NN_DATA_TBL V
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PAL_TRAIN_NN_RESULT_TBL: PAL_REGRES
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Classification example: SET SCHEMA
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"NAME" VARCHAR(100), "MODEL" CLOB )
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CREATE TYPE PAL_C45_DATA_T AS TABLE
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CART This function is used for clas
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Prerequisites ● ● The target co
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PAL_CHAID_TREEMODEL_TBL: PAL_CHAID_
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INSERT INTO PAL_CM_DATA_TBL VALUES(
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PAL_KNN_RESULTS_TBL: 3.2.8 Logistic
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , , )
Page 169 and 170: Name Data Type Default Value Descri
Page 171 and 172: Table Column Column Data Type Descr
Page 173 and 174: PAL_LOGISTICR_STAT_TBL: PAL_LOGISTI
Page 175 and 176: Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLA
Page 177 and 178: Assume that: ● ● ● DM_PAL is
Page 179 and 180: PAL_FLOGISTICR_FITTED_TBL: Related
Page 181 and 182: The signature table should contain
Page 183 and 184: Table 132: Table Column Column Data
Page 185 and 186: Expected Result PAL_LRMC_MODEL_TBL:
Page 187 and 188: Table 137: Name Data Type Default V
Page 189 and 190: SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Librar
Page 191 and 192: CALL SYS.AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDURE_
Page 193 and 194: 3.2.10 Naive Bayes Naive Bayes is a
Page 197 and 198: ● ● USER1 has been assigned the
Page 199 and 200: Table 144: Table Column Column Data
Page 201 and 202: "DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" V
Page 203 and 204: Position Schema Name Table Type Nam
Page 209 and 210: DROP TABLE CV_LR_FUNC_TBL; CREATE C
Page 211 and 212: CREATE COLUMN TABLE FUNC_TBL LIKE F
Page 213 and 214: DROP TABLE EVALUATION_RESULT_TBL; C
Page 215 and 216: INSERT INTO PAL_PARA_TBL VALUES('TR
Page 219: 3.2.13 Random Forest The ransom for
Page 223 and 224: INSERT INTO PAL_RF_DATA_TBL VALUES
Page 227 and 228: 3.2.14 Support Vector Machine Suppo
Page 229 and 230: Table 168: Name Data Type Descripti
Page 233 and 234: CREATE TABLE PAL_SVM_PDATA_TBL("POS
Page 235 and 236: The signature table should contain
Page 237 and 238: STRINGARGS VARCHAR(100) ); DROP TYP
Page 239 and 240: Example 3: Support vector classific
Page 241 and 242: Related Information SAP HANA Smart
Page 245 and 246: INSERT INTO PAL_GR_PDATA_TBL values
Page 247 and 248: Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , ) wi
Page 249 and 250: 3.3.2 Bi-Variate Natural Logarithmi
Page 253 and 254: CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE
Page 257 and 258: Where β0…βn are parameters that
Page 261 and 262: CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE
Page 265 and 266: Assume we have m observation pairs
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Example 1: Fitting multiple linear
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ENET_MLR_PD
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3.3.5 Polynomial Regression Polynom
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insert into PAL_PR_PDATA_TBL values
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The input, parameter, and output ta
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3.4 Association Algorithms This sec
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Table 220: Name Data Type Default V
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"STRINGARGS" VARCHAR (100) ); INSER
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Optional Parameters The following p
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INSERT INTO PAL_APRIORI_DATA_TBL VA
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PAL_APRIORI_CONS_ITEMS_TBL: LITEAPR
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INSERT INTO PAL_LITEAPRIORI_DATA_TB
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FPGROWTH (Relational Output) FP-Gro
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); DROP TYPE PAL_FPGROWTH_POSTRULE_
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PAL_FPGROWTH_VALUES_TBL: 3.4.3 K-Op
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INSERT INTO PAL_KORD_DATA_TBL VALUE
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Prerequisite No missing or null dat
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. Initial P 0 can be calculated by
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Output Table (Model Table) Table 24
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DROP TYPE PAL_ARIMAX_DATA_T; CREATE
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CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDUR
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We get And variance of the forecast
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_ARIMA_PDATA
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMAX_DATA_TBL VAL
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3.5.2 Auto ARIMA This function auto
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CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY COLUMN TABLE
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Example 3: Auto Seasonal ARIMA SET
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMA_DATA_TBL VALU
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INSERT INTO PAL_ARIMA_DATA_TBL VALU
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F 1 = a 0 + b 0 2. Calculation: S t
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INSERT INTO PAL_BROWNSMOOTH_DATA_TB
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3.5.4 Croston's Method The Croston
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SELECT * FROM PAL_CROSTON_STATISTIC
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Table 271: Name Data Type Descripti
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PAL_FORECASTACCURACYMEASURES_RESULT
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTS
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: SAP HANA Pred
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CREATE TYPE PAL_CONTROL_T AS TABLE
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PAL_FORECASTTRIPLESMOOTHING_RESULT_
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTM
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PAL_OUTPARAMETER_TBL: PAL_FORECASTM
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Procedure Calling CALL .(, , , ) wi
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PAL_FORECASTSLR_RESULT_TBL: PAL_FOR
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Note The algorithm is backward comp
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Note F 0 is not defined because the
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_DOUBLESMOOT
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3.5.10 Triple Exponential Smoothing
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PAL calculates the prediction inter
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Output Table Table 294: Table Colum
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PAL_TRIPLESMOOTH_RESULT_TBL: PAL_TR
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Once the trend and seasonality are
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CREATE COLUMN TABLE PAL_TSSEASONALI
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The difference-sign test counts the
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Optional Parameters The following p
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PAL_TSTREND_TREND_TBL: PAL_TSTREND_
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Parameter Table Mandatory Parameter
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3.6 Preprocessing Algorithms The re
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● ● Smoothing by bin medians: e
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3.6.2 Binning Assignment Binning as
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3.6.3 Convert Category Type to Bina
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"NAME" VARCHAR(100), "INTARGS" INTE
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Procedure Generation CALL SYS.AFLLA
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INSERT INTO PAL_IQR_TESTDT_TBL VALU
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PARTITION This function reads the i
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3.6.6 Posterior Scaling Posterior s
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Expected Result PAL_NEW_SCALING_TBL
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INSERT INTO PAL_PCA_DATA_TBL VALUES
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INSERT INTO PAL_PCAPROJ_PDATA_TBL V
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INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRRANDOM_PDATA_T
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INSERT INTO PAL_SAMPLING_DATA_TBL V
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If method is 4 and SAMPLING_SIZE is
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DROP TABLE PAL_SAMPLING_PDATA_TBL;
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Expected Result 3.6.10 Scaling Rang
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Prerequisite Each column must conta
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Assume that: ● ● ● DM_PAL is
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PAL_MISSING_VALUES_RESULT_TBL: PAL_
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INSERT INTO PAL_VT_DATA_TBL VALUES
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3.7.2 Chi-Squared Test for Independ
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DISTRPROB This function calculates
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"VALUE" DOUBLE ); DROP TABLE PDATA_
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"DOUBLEARGS" DOUBLE, "STRINGARGS" V
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"TYPE_NAME" NVARCHAR(256), "PARAMET
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2. Calculate PAL also supports the
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Assume that: ● ● ● DM_PAL is
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The Kaplan-Meier estimator can be r
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PAL_KMSURV_LOGRANK_STAT2_TBL: 3.7.7
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CREATE TYPE PAL_DISTRQUANTILE_RESUL
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where x' = x - Table 404: Definitio
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Let the sample mean of x and y be:
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CREATE TYPE PAL_VAREQUALTEST_DATA1_
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The quantity is computed as a weigh
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Prerequisites ● ● Input data ca
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"PARAMETER_TYPE" VARCHAR(7) ); INSE
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Signature Input Tables Table 425: T
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CALL "SYS".AFLLANG_WRAPPER_PROCEDUR
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"DISTANCE" DOUBLE ); DROP TYPE PAL_
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"STRINGARGS" VARCHAR(100) ); --crea
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The projected estimates are single
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INSERT INTO PDATA VALUES (2, 'DM_PA
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----product revenue---- DELETE FROM
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---- calculate net present value of
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UPDATE PAL_DISTRPROB_DISTRPARAM_TBL
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Then we get the survival estimates
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INSERT INTO PAL_TRIAL_DATA_TBL VALU
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INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRFITCENSORED_DA
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The expected results are as follows
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); INSERT INTO PAL_DISTRPROB_PDATA_
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Important Disclaimers and Legal Inf
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SAP HANA Predictive Analysis Library (PAL)

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