- Page 1:
Section 2: Physics of Ultrasound
- Page 4 and 5:
2.0: Ultrasound Formula http://www.
- Page 6 and 7:
Ultrasonic Formula
- Page 9 and 10:
2.1: Wave Propagation Ultrasonic te
- Page 11 and 12:
Acoustic Spectrum
- Page 13 and 14:
Acoustic Wave - Node and Anti-Node
- Page 15 and 16:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.ed
- Page 17 and 18:
2.2: Modes of Sound Wave Propagatio
- Page 19 and 20:
Longitudinal and shear waves
- Page 21 and 22:
Longitudinal and shear waves
- Page 23 and 24:
2.2.3 Longitudinal Wave Also Knows
- Page 25 and 26:
Longitudinal wave: Longitudinal wav
- Page 28 and 29:
2.2.4 Shear waves (S-Waves) In air,
- Page 30 and 31:
Shear waves
- Page 33 and 34:
Q10: For a shear wave travelling fr
- Page 35 and 36:
Rayleigh waves are a type of surfac
- Page 37 and 38:
Q29: The longitudinal wave incident
- Page 39 and 40:
The major axis of the ellipse is pe
- Page 41 and 42:
Surface wave
- Page 43 and 44:
Surface wave has the ability to fol
- Page 45 and 46:
Surface wave - One wavelength deep
- Page 47 and 48:
Love Wave http://web.ics.purdue.edu
- Page 49 and 50:
Other Reading: Rayleigh Waves Surfa
- Page 51 and 52:
Q110: What kind of wave mode travel
- Page 53 and 54:
2.2.6 Lamb Wave: Lamb waves propaga
- Page 55 and 56:
Types of Wave New! • Plate wave-
- Page 57 and 58:
Plate or Lamb waves are similar to
- Page 59 and 60:
With Lamb waves, a number of modes
- Page 61 and 62:
Symmetrical = extensional mode Asym
- Page 63 and 64:
Symmetrical = extensional mode
- Page 65 and 66:
The form is determined by whether t
- Page 67 and 68:
Q1: The wave mode that has multiple
- Page 69 and 70:
Dispersion refers to the fact that
- Page 71 and 72:
Thickness Limitation: One can not g
- Page 73 and 74:
Spring model- A mass on a spring ha
- Page 75 and 76:
In terms of the spring model, Hooke
- Page 77 and 78:
Elastic Model / Longitudinal Wave
- Page 79 and 80:
Elastic Model / Shear Wave
- Page 81 and 82:
The Speed of Sound Hooke's Law, whe
- Page 83 and 84:
What properties of material affect
- Page 85 and 86:
Where V is the speed of sound, C is
- Page 87 and 88:
Q50: The principle attributes that
- Page 89 and 90:
E/N/G
- Page 91 and 92:
Examples of approximate compression
- Page 93 and 94:
Shear Wave Velocity: V S The veloci
- Page 95 and 96:
The applet below shows a longitudin
- Page 97 and 98:
http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationReso
- Page 99 and 100:
Java don’t work? http://jingyan.b
- Page 101 and 102:
Java don’t work? http://jingyan.b
- Page 103 and 104:
As can be noted by the equation, a
- Page 105 and 106:
The two velocities of sound are lin
- Page 107 and 108:
Sensitivity and resolution are two
- Page 109 and 110:
2.5.2 Grain Size & Frequency Select
- Page 111 and 112:
Since more things in a material are
- Page 113 and 114:
Detectability variable: • pulse l
- Page 115 and 116:
Q7: When a material grain size is o
- Page 117: Pulse Length: A sound pulse traveli
- Page 120 and 121: Determining cross sectional area us
- Page 122 and 123: Pulse volume rule-of-thumb: Competi
- Page 124 and 125: When sound travels through a medium
- Page 126 and 127: Scattering: Grain Size and Wave Fre
- Page 128 and 129: Spreading/ Scattering / adsorption
- Page 130 and 131: The units of the attenuation value
- Page 132 and 133: Attenuation can be determined by ev
- Page 134 and 135: A o Ut A
- Page 137 and 138: 2.6.3 Frequency selection There is
- Page 139 and 140: Q94: In general, which of the follo
- Page 141 and 142: Q7: When the material grain size is
- Page 143 and 144: Transmission & Reflection Animation
- Page 145 and 146: The following applet can be used to
- Page 147 and 148: Reflection/Transmission Energy as a
- Page 149 and 150: 2.8: Reflection and Transmission Co
- Page 151 and 152: Since the amount of reflected energ
- Page 153 and 154: Note that the reflection and transm
- Page 155 and 156: If reflection and transmission at i
- Page 157 and 158: Incident Wave other than Normal? -
- Page 159 and 160: Further Reading (Olympus Technical
- Page 161 and 162: Further Reading: Reflection & Trans
- Page 163 and 164: 2.9: Refraction and Snell's Law
- Page 165: V s1 Only If this medium support sh
- Page 172 and 173: Note that in the diagram, there is
- Page 174 and 175: Snell Law
- Page 176 and 177: Snell Law
- Page 178 and 179: Example: Snell’s Law L-wave and S
- Page 180 and 181: Snell Law: First critical angle
- Page 182 and 183: Q155 Which of the following can occ
- Page 184: Q: When angle beam contact testing
- Page 192 and 193: Snell Law: http://techcorr.com/serv
- Page 194 and 195: More on Snell Law Like light, when
- Page 196 and 197: http://www.ndtcalc.com/calculators.
- Page 198 and 199: Mode Conversion http://www.ndt-ed.o
- Page 200 and 201: Snell's Law holds true for shear wa
- Page 202 and 203: In the applet below, the shear (tra
- Page 204 and 205: Creep wave
- Page 206 and 207: Beyond the first critical angle, on
- Page 208 and 209: Note that the applet defaults to co
- Page 210 and 211: Offset of Normal probe above circul
- Page 212 and 213: Refraction and mode conversion at n
- Page 214 and 215: Refraction and mode conversion at n
- Page 216 and 217: Refraction and mode conversion at n
- Page 218 and 219:
Q118: At the water-steel interface,
- Page 220 and 221:
Q72. In a water immersion test, ult
- Page 222 and 223:
Q53. The term used to determined th
- Page 224 and 225:
The absolute noise level and the ab
- Page 226 and 227:
Sound Volume: Area x pulse length M
- Page 228:
Acoustic Volume: w x w y ∆t
- Page 231 and 232:
Determining cross sectional area us
- Page 233 and 234:
4. Decreases in materials with high
- Page 235 and 236:
Pulse Length Affect Resolution
- Page 237 and 238:
Transducer cut-out http://ichun-che
- Page 239 and 240:
UT Transducer
- Page 241 and 242:
UT Transducer- Surface creep wave t
- Page 243 and 244:
UT Transducer
- Page 245 and 246:
When the origins of the two interac
- Page 247 and 248:
However, as stated previously, soun
- Page 249 and 250:
Q5: Acoustic pressure along the bea
- Page 251 and 252:
Of course, there are more than two
- Page 253 and 254:
2.12.3 Fresnel & Fraunhofer Zone Fr
- Page 255 and 256:
The Near Field (Fresnel)- Wave Inte
- Page 257 and 258:
Fresnel / Fraunhofer Zone
- Page 259 and 260:
Near field (near zone) or Fresnel z
- Page 261 and 262:
Near/ Far Fields
- Page 263 and 264:
where D is the diameter of the tran
- Page 265 and 266:
Fresnel & Fraunhofer Zone 10dB, K-0
- Page 267 and 268:
Fresnel & Fraunhofer Zone
- Page 269 and 270:
Q: Where does beam divergence occur
- Page 271 and 272:
Q160 Beam divergence is a function
- Page 273 and 274:
Dead Zone - The interval following
- Page 275 and 276:
Dead Zone -The initial pulse is a t
- Page 277 and 278:
Dead Zone http://www.ni.com/white-p
- Page 279 and 280:
Q36: To eliminate the decrease in s
- Page 281 and 282:
Large Reflector Inverse Rule
- Page 283:
Small Reflector Inverse Square Rule
- Page 287 and 288:
Fundamental Frequency The lowest re
- Page 289 and 290:
Transducers Piezoelectric Thickness
- Page 291 and 292:
Application Case#1: The specimen's
- Page 293 and 294:
Application Case#2: Electromagnetic
- Page 295 and 296:
Q7: The resonance frequency of 2cm
- Page 297 and 298:
dB is a measures of ratio of 2 valu
- Page 299 and 300:
The Decibel The equation used to de
- Page 301 and 302:
Why is the dB unit used? Use of dB
- Page 303 and 304:
Use of the dB in Sound Measurements
- Page 305 and 306:
Since transducers and microphones p
- Page 307 and 308:
Sound Levels- Relative
- Page 309 and 310:
Practice:
- Page 311:
“Absolute" Sound Levels Whenever
- Page 314 and 315:
Absolute: The standard reference so
- Page 316 and 317:
Exercise: ANSWER Find the absolute
- Page 318 and 319:
Relative dB: Example Calculation 1
- Page 320 and 321:
Example Calculation 3 Consider the
- Page 322 and 323:
2.16 Practice Makes Perfect
- Page 324 and 325:
Q104: If an ultrasonic wave is tran
- Page 326 and 327:
学 习 总 是 开 心 事
- Page 328 and 329:
学 习 总 是 开 心 事
- Page 330 and 331:
学 习 总 是 开 心 事
- Page 332 and 333:
学 习 总 是 开 心 事