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4 Chapter 2
For the synthesis of CPs, transition metals and lanthanides are often utilized as connectors.
According to the type of the metal and its oxidation state, coordination numbers can vary
from 2 to 7, resulting in a variety of coordination geometries such as linear, T- or Y-
shaped, tetrahedral, square-planar, square-pyramidal, trigonal-bipyramidal, octahedral,
trigonal-prismatic, pentagonal-bipyramidal and the corresponding distorted forms
(Figure 2.2). In addition, metal-complexes might be also used as connectors instead of
(naked) metal-ions. It has an advantage of offering the bond angles control and restricting
the number of coordination sites via “ligand-regulation” of a connector, where chelating
or macrocyclic ligands directly bound to a metal connector block the redundant sites and
the linkers are left free for specific sites. [6]
Figure 2.1. Schematic demonstration of the CP construction via the self-assembly of connector
(metal nodes) and the simplest linker (ligands) in 1-3D.
Figure 2.2. Components of CPs. Inspired by the report from Kitagawa, et al. [7]