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130 Chapter 5 5.3 Compositional characterization and sorption properties of the prepared Cu/Pd-BTC_1-3 AAS analysis of the activated Cu/Pd-BTC_1-3 solids confirms quantitative incorporation of palladium. Thus, the Pd-contents and Pd : Cu ratios in the final Cu/Pd-BTC_1-3 samples remain almost unchanged with respect to the taken feeding ratios of the metal-precursors (Table 5.2). Further, SEM-EDX elemental mapping demonstrates quite homogeneous Cu/Pd distribution within obtained Cu/Pd-BTC solids (Figure 5.7). Table 5.2. Feeding and observed contents of Pd in respect to the total metal amount in Pd@[Cu 3- xPd x (BTC) 2 ] n (Cu/Pd-BTC_1-3). The incorporation Pd-percentages were calculated based on the AAS results. Sample feeding (molar%) obtained (molar%) obtained wt% Cu/Pd-BTC_1 10 9 3.9 Cu/Pd-BTC_2 15 14 6.2 Cu/Pd-BTC_3 20 20 9.2 Figure 5.7. EDX elemental mapping of the Cu/Pd-BTC_3 solid (red – Cu; green – Pd). Incorporation of Pd 2+ into the framework as well as the Pd 0 NPs loading has been subsequently corroborated by high-resolution XPS. Figure 5.8 shows the Pd 3d core-level spectra of the Cu/Pd-BTC_1 and Cu/Pd-BTC_3 (representative samples with relatively low and high Pd-contents). Three Pd 3d doublets (3d5/2 and 3d3/2) are resolved in the deconvoluted spectra. The doublet located at 337.9 and 343.2 eV (Pd2) is characteristic for Pd 2+ species (Table 5.3). [288-289] In addition, the higher binding energies observed at 338.9 and 344.2 eV for Pd1 reveal the presence of an electronically modified Pd 2+ species. Moreover, we could unambiguously rule out an assignment of both Pd 2+ species to PdO
Chapter 5 131 NPs, as no typical O 1s peak at about 530 eV has been detected in the corresponding spectra, which showed only one O 1s peak at 531.8 eV originating from the carboxylate (- COO) groups in the frameworks. Therefore, both found Pd 2+ species (Pd1 and Pd2) very likely are associated with the formation of Pd-Pd and Cu-Pd framework-nodes. The doublet at ca. 335.8 and 341.0 eV is attributed to metallic Pd 0 species (Pd3), indicating the existence of Pd metallic NPs in these samples. Besides, the amount of Pd 0 NPs in the total Pd species (Pd 2+ and Pd 0 ) increases (from 33 % for Cu/Pd-BTC_1 to 44 % for Cu/Pd- BTC_3) along with the doping increase of Pd(II) acetate. TEM characterization has not been performed because of the beam sensitivity of HKUST-1, which does not allow characterization of the "pristine" Pd@[Cu3-xPdx(BTC)2]n sample as well. Figure 5.8. Pd 3d region of the deconvoluted XP spectra of the activated solids Cu/Pd-BTC_1 and 3. Figure is provided by Dr. Y. Wang.
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Controlled Modification of Metal-Or
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This thesis is based on the work pe
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Bochum) for the study of XPS and UH
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Zhang, for their continuous support
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II 3.2.1 Synthesis and characteriza
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IV 7.3.4 Synthesis of Cu-DEMOF samp
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VI DMSO dobdc e.g. EA EDX EtOH EXAF
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VIII TOF UHV UiO UMCM vs WCA XANES
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2 Chapter 1 limitations of the (non
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4 Chapter 2 For the synthesis of CP
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6 Chapter 2 cavities is able to rev
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8 Chapter 2 2.2.2 MOF features Adva
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10 Chapter 2 Figure 2.5. A series o
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12 Chapter 2 the material is retain
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14 Chapter 2 2.3 Synthetic approach
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16 Chapter 2 Expansion of this stru
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18 Chapter 2 (H2BPDC) [75] or other
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20 Chapter 2 Cr III CUSs of MIL-101
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22 Chapter 2 Figure 2.14. Schematic
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24 Chapter 2 adsorbate-surface inte
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3 Controlled secondary building uni
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28 Chapter 3 3.1 Preparation and in
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30 Chapter 3 formula of [Ru3 II,III
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Intensity, a. u. 32 Chapter 3 quali
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34 Chapter 3 After activating the R
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36 Chapter 3 presence of the residu
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Intensity, a. u. 38 Chapter 3 the a
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40 Chapter 3 extent than acetic aci
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42 Chapter 3 Ru-nodes. Therefore, r
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44 Chapter 3 decomposition of [BF4]
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deriv. normalized E) 46 Chapter 3 F
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48 Chapter 3 3.1.6 Summary Applying
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50 Chapter 3 3.2 Elaboration of Ru
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52 Chapter 3 with that of the Ru II
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54 Chapter 3 Figure 3.20. (a) XANES
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4 Linker-based MOF solid solutions:
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58 Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1
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60 Chapter 4 framework [Cu2(ndc)2(d
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62 Chapter 4 partial replacing of B
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64 Chapter 4 in the case of ip intr
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66 Chapter 4 4.2.1.1 Crystallinity
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68 Chapter 4 suggesting the absence
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70 Chapter 4 Table 4.1. The molar f
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72 Chapter 4 Figure 4.11. IR spectr
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74 Chapter 4 taking into account th
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76 Chapter 4 As quantitative digest
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78 Chapter 4 (Figure 4.16). Notably
Page 98 and 99: 80 Chapter 4 framework Ru-species (
Page 100 and 101: 82 Chapter 4 Figure 4.20. XANES spe
Page 102 and 103: 84 Chapter 4 It is important to not
Page 104 and 105: 86 Chapter 4 Ru δ+ have been obser
Page 106 and 107: 88 Chapter 4 Figure 4.25. UHV-IR sp
Page 108 and 109: 90 Chapter 4 Table 4.5. Possible de
Page 110 and 111: CO 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 92 Chapter 4
Page 112 and 113: H 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 94 Chapter 4 F
Page 114 and 115: CO 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 96 Chapter 4
Page 116 and 117: H 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 98 Chapter 4 8
Page 118 and 119: H 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 100 Chapter 4
Page 120 and 121: 102 Chapter 4 presence of H2. [236]
Page 122 and 123: 104 Chapter 4 reactive metal center
Page 124 and 125: 106 Chapter 4 4.2.6 Conclusions App
Page 126 and 127: 108 Chapter 4 4.3 Defects Engineeri
Page 128 and 129: Intensity, a. u. 110 Chapter 4 as-s
Page 130 and 131: weight loss, % 112 Chapter 4 100 Cu
Page 132 and 133: weight loss, % 114 Chapter 4 record
Page 134 and 135: 116 Chapter 4 4.3.2 Composition and
Page 136 and 137: V, cm 3 /g 118 Chapter 4 500 400 30
Page 138 and 139: 120 Chapter 4 Figure 4.50. From lef
Page 140 and 141: 5 Simultaneous introduction of vari
Page 142 and 143: 124 Chapter 5 preferred like Cu 2+
Page 144 and 145: 126 Chapter 5 5.2 Preparation and S
Page 146 and 147: 128 Chapter 5 Figure 5.5. Pawley Fi
Page 150 and 151: 132 Chapter 5 Table 5.3. The assign
Page 152 and 153: 134 Chapter 5 framework are dominan
Page 154 and 155: 136 Chapter 5 5.4 Synthesis, compos
Page 156 and 157: 138 Chapter 5 obtained Pd-doped sol
Page 158 and 159: 140 Chapter 5 Figure 5.18. Deconvol
Page 160 and 161: V, cm 3 /g 142 Chapter 5 sorption i
Page 162 and 163: 144 Chapter 5 time as well as the i
Page 164 and 165: 146 Chapter 5 5.6 Conclusions In su
Page 166 and 167: 148 Chapter 6 coordinating anion),
Page 168 and 169: 7 Experimental Section In this Chap
Page 170 and 171: 152 Chapter 7 as water and hydroxyl
Page 172 and 173: 154 Chapter 7 internal standards an
Page 174 and 175: 156 Chapter 7 Uppermost layer is in
Page 176 and 177: 158 Chapter 7 to the more tightly b
Page 178 and 179: 160 Chapter 7 7.2 Experimental data
Page 180 and 181: 162 Chapter 7 [Ru2(OOCC(CH3)3)4(H2O
Page 182 and 183: 164 Chapter 7 Figure 7.7. The PXRD
Page 184 and 185: 166 Chapter 7 [Ru2(OOCCH3)4(H2O)2]B
Page 186 and 187: 168 Chapter 7 [Ru2(OOCCH3)4](THF)2
Page 188 and 189: 170 Chapter 7 [Ru3(BTC)2(OH)1.5]n·
Page 190 and 191: 172 Chapter 7 [Ru3(BTC)2]n∙(AcOH)
Page 192 and 193: 174 Chapter 7 Table 7.3. Feeding mo
Page 194 and 195: 176 Chapter 7 For comparison of the
Page 196 and 197: 178 Chapter 7 7.3.4 Synthesis of Cu
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180 Chapter 7 D3 The mixture of H3B
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182 Chapter 7 D5 This sample was re
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184 Chapter 7 The synthesis of D7 a
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186 Chapter 7 7.4 Experimental data
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188 Chapter 7 Figure 7.26. PXRD pat
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190 Chapter 7 7.4.2 Hydrogenation o
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192 Chapter 7 7.5 Supplementary det
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8 Bibliography [1] A. J. Ihde, The
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196 Bibliography [61] S. Ma, D. Sun
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198 Bibliography [121] T. K. Prasad
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200 Bibliography [180] Y. Kobayashi
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202 Bibliography [239] A. L. Harreu
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204 Bibliography [297] A. P. Hammer
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206 Appendix List of Presentations
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208 Appendix 05. 2015 Grant from th
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