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104 Chapter 4 reactive metal centers, thus, affecting the catalytic activity of the 1b-d samples. On the other hand, Ru-DEMOF 2a displays higher yield of pyrrole compared to the parent Ru- MOF (82% vs. 48%), regardless of the partial absence of the metal centers (defects B) (Figure 4.39). This could be a result of the smaller steric hindrance surrounding the Ru- CUSs while employing the H2ip DL. When the contents of the incorporated DLs are rather small (i.e., as in 2a), the negative influence caused by missing metal centers is relatively insignificant compared with the positive effect of the smaller steric hindrance. Therefore, 2a Ru-MOF material shows as high catalytic activity in present reaction as 1a. Similar observations have been found for the samples 1b-c because of the somewhat larger steric hindrance of OH-groups in spite of the type A defect in these materials. To note, using IRMOF-3 as catalysts in the same reaction, 96% conversion after 60 min was achieved. However, this could be attributed to the higher regent ratio (aniline: 2,5-hexanedione = 1:1.7). [245] Nevertheless, the current study using Ru-DEMOFs as catalysts give us insight into the influence of catalytic activity caused by different defect types. For further investigation, it would also be interesting to optimize the catalytic activity by improving the regent ratio. Figure 4.38. Time-yield plot of Paal-Knorr synthesis of aniline reacting with 2,5-hexadione, giving the pyrrole employing Ru-DEMOFs 1a-1d (with 8%, 20%, 32% and 37% 5-OH-ip incorporation, respectively) as catalysts in comparison with the parent Ru-MOF(parent). Blank stands for the experiment where no catalyst was added into the reaction mixture.
Yield, % Chapter 4 105 Table 4.8. Comparison of the yields of pyrrole and TOF values after 4 h in the Paal-Knorr reaction for different Ru-DEMOF samples as well as the parent Ru-MOF (used as a reference). Sample Ru content (mol %) yield at 4h, % TOF(h -1 )* Parent Ru-MOF 2 48 6.17 1a 2 77 9.83 1b 2 73 9.25 1c 2 65 8.17 1d 2 58 7.25 2a 2 82 10.36 2b 2 57 7.09 blank - 28 - * TOF value was calculated by mol of product (mol of Ru) -1 h -1 . 100 80 60 40 20 2a 2b parent Ru-MOF blank 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Time, h Figure 4.39. Time-yield plot of Paal-Knorr synthesis of aniline reacting with 2,5-hexadione, giving the pyrrol using Ru-DEMOFs 2a (15% ip incorporation) and 2b (28% ip incorporation) as catalysts in comparison with the parent Ru-MOF. Blank stands for the experiment where on catalyst was added into the reaction mixture.
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Controlled Modification of Metal-Or
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This thesis is based on the work pe
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Bochum) for the study of XPS and UH
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Zhang, for their continuous support
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II 3.2.1 Synthesis and characteriza
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IV 7.3.4 Synthesis of Cu-DEMOF samp
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VI DMSO dobdc e.g. EA EDX EtOH EXAF
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VIII TOF UHV UiO UMCM vs WCA XANES
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2 Chapter 1 limitations of the (non
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4 Chapter 2 For the synthesis of CP
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6 Chapter 2 cavities is able to rev
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8 Chapter 2 2.2.2 MOF features Adva
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10 Chapter 2 Figure 2.5. A series o
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12 Chapter 2 the material is retain
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14 Chapter 2 2.3 Synthetic approach
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16 Chapter 2 Expansion of this stru
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18 Chapter 2 (H2BPDC) [75] or other
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20 Chapter 2 Cr III CUSs of MIL-101
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22 Chapter 2 Figure 2.14. Schematic
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24 Chapter 2 adsorbate-surface inte
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3 Controlled secondary building uni
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28 Chapter 3 3.1 Preparation and in
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30 Chapter 3 formula of [Ru3 II,III
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Intensity, a. u. 32 Chapter 3 quali
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34 Chapter 3 After activating the R
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36 Chapter 3 presence of the residu
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Intensity, a. u. 38 Chapter 3 the a
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40 Chapter 3 extent than acetic aci
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42 Chapter 3 Ru-nodes. Therefore, r
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44 Chapter 3 decomposition of [BF4]
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deriv. normalized E) 46 Chapter 3 F
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48 Chapter 3 3.1.6 Summary Applying
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50 Chapter 3 3.2 Elaboration of Ru
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52 Chapter 3 with that of the Ru II
Page 72 and 73: 54 Chapter 3 Figure 3.20. (a) XANES
Page 74 and 75: 4 Linker-based MOF solid solutions:
Page 76 and 77: 58 Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1
Page 78 and 79: 60 Chapter 4 framework [Cu2(ndc)2(d
Page 80 and 81: 62 Chapter 4 partial replacing of B
Page 82 and 83: 64 Chapter 4 in the case of ip intr
Page 84 and 85: 66 Chapter 4 4.2.1.1 Crystallinity
Page 86 and 87: 68 Chapter 4 suggesting the absence
Page 88 and 89: 70 Chapter 4 Table 4.1. The molar f
Page 90 and 91: 72 Chapter 4 Figure 4.11. IR spectr
Page 92 and 93: 74 Chapter 4 taking into account th
Page 94 and 95: 76 Chapter 4 As quantitative digest
Page 96 and 97: 78 Chapter 4 (Figure 4.16). Notably
Page 98 and 99: 80 Chapter 4 framework Ru-species (
Page 100 and 101: 82 Chapter 4 Figure 4.20. XANES spe
Page 102 and 103: 84 Chapter 4 It is important to not
Page 104 and 105: 86 Chapter 4 Ru δ+ have been obser
Page 106 and 107: 88 Chapter 4 Figure 4.25. UHV-IR sp
Page 108 and 109: 90 Chapter 4 Table 4.5. Possible de
Page 110 and 111: CO 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 92 Chapter 4
Page 112 and 113: H 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 94 Chapter 4 F
Page 114 and 115: CO 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 96 Chapter 4
Page 116 and 117: H 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 98 Chapter 4 8
Page 118 and 119: H 2 adsorbed, mmol/g 100 Chapter 4
Page 120 and 121: 102 Chapter 4 presence of H2. [236]
Page 124 and 125: 106 Chapter 4 4.2.6 Conclusions App
Page 126 and 127: 108 Chapter 4 4.3 Defects Engineeri
Page 128 and 129: Intensity, a. u. 110 Chapter 4 as-s
Page 130 and 131: weight loss, % 112 Chapter 4 100 Cu
Page 132 and 133: weight loss, % 114 Chapter 4 record
Page 134 and 135: 116 Chapter 4 4.3.2 Composition and
Page 136 and 137: V, cm 3 /g 118 Chapter 4 500 400 30
Page 138 and 139: 120 Chapter 4 Figure 4.50. From lef
Page 140 and 141: 5 Simultaneous introduction of vari
Page 142 and 143: 124 Chapter 5 preferred like Cu 2+
Page 144 and 145: 126 Chapter 5 5.2 Preparation and S
Page 146 and 147: 128 Chapter 5 Figure 5.5. Pawley Fi
Page 148 and 149: 130 Chapter 5 5.3 Compositional cha
Page 150 and 151: 132 Chapter 5 Table 5.3. The assign
Page 152 and 153: 134 Chapter 5 framework are dominan
Page 154 and 155: 136 Chapter 5 5.4 Synthesis, compos
Page 156 and 157: 138 Chapter 5 obtained Pd-doped sol
Page 158 and 159: 140 Chapter 5 Figure 5.18. Deconvol
Page 160 and 161: V, cm 3 /g 142 Chapter 5 sorption i
Page 162 and 163: 144 Chapter 5 time as well as the i
Page 164 and 165: 146 Chapter 5 5.6 Conclusions In su
Page 166 and 167: 148 Chapter 6 coordinating anion),
Page 168 and 169: 7 Experimental Section In this Chap
Page 170 and 171: 152 Chapter 7 as water and hydroxyl
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154 Chapter 7 internal standards an
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156 Chapter 7 Uppermost layer is in
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158 Chapter 7 to the more tightly b
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160 Chapter 7 7.2 Experimental data
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162 Chapter 7 [Ru2(OOCC(CH3)3)4(H2O
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164 Chapter 7 Figure 7.7. The PXRD
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166 Chapter 7 [Ru2(OOCCH3)4(H2O)2]B
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168 Chapter 7 [Ru2(OOCCH3)4](THF)2
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170 Chapter 7 [Ru3(BTC)2(OH)1.5]n·
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172 Chapter 7 [Ru3(BTC)2]n∙(AcOH)
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174 Chapter 7 Table 7.3. Feeding mo
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176 Chapter 7 For comparison of the
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178 Chapter 7 7.3.4 Synthesis of Cu
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180 Chapter 7 D3 The mixture of H3B
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182 Chapter 7 D5 This sample was re
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184 Chapter 7 The synthesis of D7 a
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186 Chapter 7 7.4 Experimental data
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188 Chapter 7 Figure 7.26. PXRD pat
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190 Chapter 7 7.4.2 Hydrogenation o
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192 Chapter 7 7.5 Supplementary det
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8 Bibliography [1] A. J. Ihde, The
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196 Bibliography [61] S. Ma, D. Sun
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198 Bibliography [121] T. K. Prasad
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200 Bibliography [180] Y. Kobayashi
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202 Bibliography [239] A. L. Harreu
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204 Bibliography [297] A. P. Hammer
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206 Appendix List of Presentations
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208 Appendix 05. 2015 Grant from th
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