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1. Establishment of <strong>the</strong> Nanyang Provisional Committee<br />
<strong>The</strong> Com<strong>in</strong>tern <strong>Files</strong> conta<strong>in</strong>ed no document that precisely dated <strong>the</strong> found<strong>in</strong>g of <strong>the</strong> Nanyang<br />
Provisional Committee (NPC). A Russian language report to <strong>the</strong> Com<strong>in</strong>tern, written <strong>in</strong> August<br />
1928, a month after <strong>the</strong> [2 July 1928] Plenum (Пленум) of <strong>the</strong> Provisional Committee (PC<br />
[‘Nanyang’ is absent from this file]), noted <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>ts. Prior to referr<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong>se <strong>in</strong> detail,<br />
its cruxes are shown:<br />
(1) <strong>The</strong> Enlarged Plenum and <strong>the</strong> Plenum were held on 2 May and on 2 July 1928<br />
respectively.<br />
(2) Name of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Party</strong> had varied.<br />
(3) Because of wrong, too radical l<strong>in</strong>es adopted earlier, several top leaders were<br />
reprimanded, a few were dismissed and <strong>the</strong> leadership w<strong>as</strong> reshuffled.<br />
(4) B<strong>as</strong>ed on Com<strong>in</strong>tern’s <strong>in</strong>struction, radical l<strong>in</strong>e represented by shoemakers’ strike of<br />
early 1928 w<strong>as</strong> criticized,<br />
(5) Appeal to Malays and Indians were stressed,<br />
(6) Requested personal and f<strong>in</strong>ancial aid from <strong>the</strong> Com<strong>in</strong>tern,<br />
(7) <strong>The</strong> Third <strong>Party</strong> Congress had been held earlier.<br />
Details are summarized below:<br />
(1) <strong>The</strong> Plenum exam<strong>in</strong>ed PC’s activities dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> three to four months after its<br />
<strong>in</strong>auguration.<br />
(2) <strong>The</strong> PC made a mistake <strong>in</strong> approv<strong>in</strong>g a wrong strategy of launch<strong>in</strong>g an upris<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
February and March.<br />
(3) Two months have already p<strong>as</strong>sed s<strong>in</strong>ce we sent a report on our activities of April<br />
and May. Why didn’t you give us <strong>in</strong>structions?<br />
(4) <strong>The</strong> PC held a conference on <strong>the</strong> anti-imperialist movement of <strong>the</strong> Malay<br />
Archipelago on 3 August. 10<br />
<strong>The</strong> above <strong>in</strong>formation suggests that <strong>the</strong> NPC w<strong>as</strong> established <strong>in</strong> early 1928. Moreover, this<br />
particular Russian language report referred to various matters related to and important issues<br />
discussed at <strong>the</strong> Plenum of <strong>the</strong> (N)PC of 2 July 1928, namely: 11<br />
15