The Malayan Communist Party as Recorded in the Comintern Files

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CHAPTER I COMMUNIST ORGANIZATIONS PRIOR TO THE MCP Until the establishment of the Nanyang Provisional Committee, an MCP’s official document, published soon after the end of the Pacific War, outlined the party’s antecedents as follows: in 1925, a Comintern branch was established as a branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); in 1926, the Nanyang Local Committee (NLC, 南洋部委 ) was established; and in 1927, the Provisional Committee of the Nanyang Communist Party ( 南洋共产党临时委员会 ) was established at its First Representatives Congress. 1 A somewhat different history of the MCP’s beginnings, derived mainly from interviews with numerous former leaders of the early communist movements in Malaya, has been provided by C .F .Yong. In October 1926, the CCP set up the Nanyang Regional Committee (NRC; 中共南洋区部委员会 ), subsequently renamed in April 1927 as the Nanyang Local Committee (NLC; 中共南洋部委 ), and in January 1928 the Nanyang Provisional Committee of the CCP ( 中共南洋临时委员会 ) was established. 2 Utilizing the Comintern Files for the first time, Kurihara Hirohide asserts that the first communist organization of Malaya was formed as an overseas section of the CCP in 1925, and that the MCP set up its Siam Special Committee which was the first communist organization of Thailand in 1927. The Nanyang Provisional Committee of the CCP, or the Nanyang Communist Party (NCP), was formed first. The NCP became an independent party, the MCP, in May 1930. 3 In fact, the Comintern files contained documents with detailed information. Three records are especially important here – two files in Russian, and one in English. One of the Russian language file, dated 7 February 1942 and bearing the names of three authors, namely, K. Vilkov (Вилков), A. Zhuzin (Зюзин), and Dashevskii (Дашевский), was entitled, “Research report on the activities among overseas Chinese in Malaya – made by reviewers of the Executive Committee (EC) of the Comintern based on the data of 1939-1940”. This file was bound with another Russian language 12
document, dated 15 January 1942, signed by Dashevskii, and entitled, “Biographical information (биографические сведения) and evaluation of the leadership of the MCP”. From these two files, the following information on the brief history of the MCP (КОМПАРТИЯ МАЛАЙИ) may be obtained: 1925 The first communist group in Malaya emerged among the overseas Chinese. 1926 A committee was formed to set up the South Seas (Южные Моря) Communist Party (SSCP). 1927 The First Congress (Съезд) of the SSCP was held and a Provisional Committee was set up. Owing to its youthfulness and a lack of guidance from the Comintern, the Party was weak. 4 1929 Regarding the characteristics of the Malayan revolution, the SSCP received instructions from the Central Committee (CC) of the CCP. 1930 The Second Congress of the SSCP was held and the CC of the MCP was elected. From then on, the Party stood on its own. Even so, the national liberation movement in China and the tasks of the CCP always affected the tasks of the MCP. 5 Filed between the two Russian language files was the English document, “The general conditions of the trade union movement”. Written in 1931, this document reviewed the activities of the Communist organizations in this period as follows: The trade union movement in Nanyang (sic) began in 1925 and at the time the tu-s [sic. trade unions] were under the control of Kuomintang…. (T)here were organisational relations with the Chinese Party. Though delegates were sent to Wuhang [Wuhan 武汉 ?] to attend the conference, it took a long time to make regular connections with the All-China Federation of Labour. It was after the delegated conference of the All-NY [sic. Nanyang] Federation of Labour which was held in February, 1928, 6 that there were reorganised (sic) the org-s of the trade unions. From February to April in 1928, there occurred uprisings of very violent nature …. It was at this time that the tus were reorganised from the left KMT, and its org.s (sic) were suddenly enlarged. The membership was then 4,000. But after the defeat of the shoe-makers strike and the committing of various mistakes on works, the tu mov. [movement] received a great blow and it was at a standstill for the 13
Page 1 and 2: 2016 NO. 1 The Malayan Communist Pa
Page 3 and 4: ISSUE: 2016 NO. 01 CONTENTS Preface
Page 5 and 6: I would also like to thank Professo
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 1 Membership o
Page 9 and 10: Yong contended that the MCP’s ant
Page 11 and 12: While continuing my research at ISE
Page 13: 13. Nandao zhi Chun (Spring of Sout
Page 17 and 18: 1. Establishment of the Nanyang Pro
Page 19 and 20: PC members, Wen Xin Ruo (Вень
Page 21 and 22: The CCP’s instruction was also sa
Page 23 and 24: In May 1930, under the guidance of
Page 25 and 26: (15) Tan Tiu-jeng, alias Tan Jui-se
Page 27 and 28: 6. Changes in the Comintern’s Str
Page 29 and 30: (1) Name of the Party: for several
Page 31 and 32: Presidium (GC). From the Comintern
Page 33 and 34: Notes 1. Nandao zhi Chun (Spring of
Page 35 and 36: 26. US National Archives & Records
Page 37 and 38: January 1931 (Ф. 495 оп.62 д.3)
Page 39 and 40: Soon after this conference [before
Page 41 and 42: Yong wrote that the MCP was founded
Page 43 and 44: imperialist can be driven out and t
Page 45 and 46: With regard to ((3)-(b)), “people
Page 47 and 48: and Indians, participated in a demo
Page 49 and 50: entitled “The principal demands o
Page 51 and 52: implemented. It is indispensable to
Page 53 and 54: conditions than the native workers.
Page 55 and 56: The MCP’s resolutions quoted abov
Page 57 and 58: 4. Letter from Wang Yung Hai to the
Page 59 and 60: October 1929. In April 1931, the Co
Page 61 and 62: (4) Wang Yung Hai wrote in December
Page 63 and 64: and workers and peasants’ uprisin
Page 65 and 66:
We are expecting, after the above m
Page 67 and 68:
they had no connections with the Co
Page 69 and 70:
It seemed rather strange that the u
Page 71 and 72:
code; it was neither translated nor
Page 73 and 74:
Details are below: (1) Socio-econom
Page 75 and 76:
vii) Create opposition groups in th
Page 77 and 78:
quotation marks] of the CCP and rem
Page 79 and 80:
6. Sophie, op., cit., p.169. This p
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CHAPTER V THE MCP AND THE COMINTERN
Page 83 and 84:
1932, demonstrations against the Bi
Page 85 and 86:
We already have considerable organi
Page 87 and 88:
Membership has not changed since si
Page 89 and 90:
ecorded the arrest on 22 June 1934
Page 91 and 92:
organisations should also participa
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Cruxes are shown first: (1) One del
Page 95 and 96:
As to MCP’s delegates in Shanghai
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Extraordinaire: Lai Teck, Secretary
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CHAPTER VI THE MCP AND THE COMINTER
Page 101 and 102:
was founded in early 1928, 11 the M
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(2) Shanghai Municipal Police Files
Page 105 and 106:
The most important decision taken a
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workers were mobilized, the Chinese
Page 109 and 110:
to “cooperate with Britain”. Th
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We should eliminate the danger of r
Page 113 and 114:
turn favorable. Even though they ha
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of North Malaya insisted that only
Page 117 and 118:
9. Ф. 495 оп.62 д.30. / In its
Page 119 and 120:
CHAPTER VII THE MCP AND THE COMINTE
Page 121 and 122:
assembly, organisation, belief and
Page 123 and 124:
(2) Characteristics of present stru
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(2) Middle-level cadres: Chi Cheng?
Page 127 and 128:
Even among the overseas Chinese, th
Page 129 and 130:
8. Ф. 495 оп.62 д.28. 9. C.F. Y
Page 131 and 132:
Conclusion of the Third Congress of
Page 133 and 134:
MCP and the so-called “Comintern
Page 135 and 136:
the Japanese Army. Immediately afte
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when Lai Teck could not convince th
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix List of Documents of the R
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Table 1. Membership of Trade Unions
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Wang Yung Hai (no Russian) 王永
Page 145 and 146:
Table 3 Membership of the Communist
Page 147 and 148:
Table 5 Leaders of the NPC & the ea
Page 149 and 150:
1-1 From the Comintern Table 6 Exch
Page 151 and 152:
24) 13 Jun. 1939 SC, MCP Resolution
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The Malayan Communist Party as Recorded in the Comintern Files

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