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Journal of the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies Núm. 7 / 2016 The debate is open, there is no doubt as to the importance of the issue and it is one that must be addressed. It is worth bearing in mind the international elements of the discussion, as well as the results achieved with this forces model in the region and the implications and long-term evolution that this may spell for the armed forces themselves. CONCLUSIONS Colombia finds itself in an extremely complex security situation. Its forces have to face different insecurity scenarios, before an end to the conflict is even reached, since, in addition to guerrilla groups, drug trafficking, criminal gangs (Bacrim), common crime and illegal logging or mining have been worrying security problems for some time now. However, if we look beyond this issue, once the end of the internal conflict has been concluded and finalised, the police force would be able to focus a large proportion of its efforts on fighting organised crime. In this context, the specialisation of the armed forces could be the alternative adopted in order to conduct the necessary forces reconfiguration process that will need to be carried out. The aforementioned debate as to whether it must be the armed forces or the police who combat threats does not necessarily match up with the real security needs that stem from the current situation. It is not a question of an exclusive either/or, but instead one of using the force appropriate to the type of threat. Therefore, as far as the new threats and their specific natures are concerned, thought may be given to having different forces to the armed forces and the police in order to respond in the most efficient way possible. The proposal that emerges from such a standpoint is one of empowering police forces with a military status, so that they are understood to be intermediate forces. With such a force, it is also possible to avoid the disadvantages and limitations that arise from having to resort to the armed forces and the police for this area of activity. Otherwise the overloading of missions would be detrimental to the forces themselves and, consequently, to their potential to combat insecurity. Allocating a multitude of missions of a very varied nature could lead to their deprofessionalisation. The main impact is that they would no longer be efficiently performing their primary mission and, what is more, they would not effectively carry out tasks for which they are not prepared. In fact, the existence of this third force would allow the police to dedicate itself to public security and for the armed forces to be dedicated to international cooperation, a field into which Colombia can channel all the experience it has accumulated. seguridad nacional en un posible escenario de postconflicto en Colombia’, Thesis for Magister in Security and Defence, War College, Colombia, 2015. 364 http://revista.ieee.es/index.php/ieee
Sonia Alda Mejías Possibilities for the transformation of the security forces... BIBLIOGRAPHY ‘European Gendarmerie Force’, http://www.eurogendfor.org/espa-ol/biblioteca/zona-de-descargas/libro-de-la-eurogendfor. The Global Study on Homicide, 2013, UNDOC, https://www.unodc.org/documents/ gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf. ALDA MEJÍAS, Sonia, ‘Propuestas sobre seguridad y fuerzas públicas en Honduras: ¿Un futuro sin violencia?’, IEEE Opinion Paper, 124/2012, 17/12/2012. http:// www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/docs_opinion/2013/DIEEEO124-2013_Seguridad_FuerzasPublicas_Honduras_SoniaAlda.pdf. ALDA MEJÍAS, Sonia, ‘La Gendarmería en México: un proyecto frustrado pese a ser un eficaz instrumento contra el crimen organizado’, Real Instituto Elcano commentary, No. 62/2013, 16/10/2013, http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/ portal/rielcano/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/elcano/elcano_es/ zonas_es/comentario-alda-reforma-gendarmeria-mexico-crimen-organizado. ALDA MEJÍAS, Sonia, ‘Políticas y fuerzas de seguridad alternativas ante los retos de la seguridad latinoamericana’, in A. BONILLA (dir.), Retos ante la criminalidad y la violencia en América Latina, Secretary General of FLACSO-Costa Rica, San José, 2013, http://www.flacso.org/sites/default/files/Documentos/libros/secretaria- general/Desaf%EDos%20estrat%E9gicos%20CELAC.pdf. ALDA MEJÍAS, Sonia, ‘La debilidad del imperio de la ley en América Latina: un factor para entender la implantación del crimen organizado’, Revista Española de Ciencia Política, no. 37, March, 2015. http://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/recp/ article/view/37649. ALDA MEJÍAS, Sonia, ‘La adaptación de las fuerzas de seguridad ante la violencia y el crimen organizado en América Latina’, E. IGLESIAS (coord.), Cooperación con Iberoamérica en materia de Defensa, Strategy Paper, no. 171, IEEE-IUGM, 2014, http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/cuadernos/Cuaderno_Estrategia_171. pdf. ALDA MEJÍAS, Sonia, ‘América Latina, un territorio de paz ¿con aspiraciones a llegar a ser un actor global?’, in S. ALDA and S. FERREIRA, La Multidimensionalidad de la Seguridad Nacional: Retos y desafíos de la región para su implantación, Madrid, IUGM-SEDENA, 2015, http://iugm.es/uploads/tx_iugm/2015- 1325_Interiores_SIN_MARCAS.pdf. BAQUER, Miguel Angel, ‘El nuevo rol de las Fuerzas Armadas en la resolución de conflictos’, in C. VIADEL, El nuevo orden jurídico internacional y la solución de conflictos, Madrid, Cuadernos y Debates, 2000. http://revista.ieee.es/index.php/ieee 365
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