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Optimization of the company's cash flow

This book is about the company's treasuries and financial management, more specifically; it shows how a company can manage its treasury in an efficient and short way.

This book is about the company's treasuries and financial management, more specifically; it shows how a company can manage its treasury in an efficient and short way.

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<strong>cash</strong>; and <strong>the</strong>refore, must be a stock to meet withdrawals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> day. This <strong>cash</strong> is well comparable to a stock <strong>of</strong> goods.<br />

But extending this idea in terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>cash</strong> management is abusive.<br />

1 - Control <strong>of</strong> <strong>cash</strong> <strong>flow</strong>.<br />

If systematic efforts are underway to obtain <strong>the</strong> highest possible synchronization between revenue and expenditure,<br />

<strong>the</strong> detention <strong>of</strong> <strong>cash</strong> loses its interest. The key to such a policy is <strong>the</strong> close control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> timing <strong>of</strong> receipts and<br />

payments. Effective objective is <strong>the</strong>refore not to maintain an optimum wheel <strong>of</strong> <strong>cash</strong>, but predict <strong>the</strong> size and date<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movements <strong>of</strong> funds resulting from <strong>the</strong> activity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firm, in necessary influence <strong>the</strong> occurrence and procure<br />

possibly, on time and at <strong>the</strong> lowest cost, additional availability.<br />

For almost all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> possible cases <strong>of</strong> management, <strong>the</strong> company IWACO’s <strong>cash</strong> <strong>flow</strong>s are largely predictable. So <strong>the</strong><br />

volume and maturity <strong>of</strong> many large transactions are under <strong>the</strong> direct control decision centers (financial management,<br />

control and management <strong>of</strong> audit...). O<strong>the</strong>r transactions are <strong>the</strong> normal accomplishments <strong>of</strong> past commitments. And<br />

even, in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> truly random, it is usually possible to reattach <strong>the</strong>m to some moves at least partially known or<br />

systematic. Searching for an optimum volume <strong>of</strong> liquidity to hold at <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> period, on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, away<br />

from <strong>the</strong> maker <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fundamental aspects <strong>of</strong> a genuine policy <strong>of</strong> <strong>cash</strong>: <strong>the</strong> control <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>flow</strong> <strong>of</strong> funds.<br />

If <strong>the</strong> traditional approach to value, on a purely <strong>the</strong>oretical level <strong>the</strong> intuitive reasons that sometimes push some<br />

companies to hold <strong>cash</strong>, it does not represent necessarily <strong>the</strong> most rational, and in any case <strong>the</strong> most effective<br />

attitude. It confuses what is (or believed to be), with which it should be. Therefore, insurance may be a sufficient tool<br />

to predict <strong>the</strong> <strong>cash</strong> in<strong>flow</strong>s.<br />

1.3 - THE ASSUMPTION OF THE UNEXPECTED AND THE DETENTION OF LIQUIDITY.<br />

Pointing out that presumably, could limit <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> precautionary <strong>cash</strong>, and <strong>the</strong>refore to reduce <strong>the</strong> cost <strong>of</strong><br />

detention <strong>of</strong> liquidity by resorting to insurance. However <strong>the</strong> risk management takes in businesses, a place more<br />

increasingly important and contributes to <strong>the</strong> achievement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> security objective. Insurance is <strong>the</strong> last link in this<br />

strategy <strong>of</strong> risk.<br />

Insurance is an operation by which "<strong>the</strong> insured" is promising, for a fee, "premium", by 'insurer' compensation, in<br />

<strong>the</strong> event <strong>of</strong> occurrence <strong>of</strong> a risk defined in advance. But if insurance unloads <strong>the</strong> firm from <strong>the</strong> financial<br />

consequences <strong>of</strong> random events <strong>of</strong> costs, does nei<strong>the</strong>r totally nor free. Its role is not to support "<strong>the</strong> risk", but risks.<br />

Insurance changes <strong>the</strong> risk from an inknown object into an assured object. Indeed:<br />

Firstly, it transfers to ano<strong>the</strong>r, '<strong>the</strong> insurer', <strong>the</strong> potential financial burden <strong>of</strong> risk, which is <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> subject<br />

<strong>of</strong> a collective and not individual apprehension;<br />

On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, it enables <strong>the</strong> company to integrate <strong>the</strong> "stabilized" cost <strong>of</strong> risk in <strong>the</strong> cost price <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

production.<br />

It is up to <strong>the</strong> Manager to weigh <strong>the</strong> consequences on <strong>the</strong> life <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> company <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> realization <strong>of</strong> such or such risk.<br />

The final purpose <strong>of</strong> insurance is to transform a possible disaster in constant charge <strong>of</strong> exploitation. It is <strong>the</strong>refore<br />

appropriate to cover <strong>the</strong> risks which can be:<br />

Ei<strong>the</strong>r cause a crisis <strong>of</strong> <strong>cash</strong>;<br />

Ei<strong>the</strong>r create an operating loss;<br />

Ei<strong>the</strong>r compromise <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>itability <strong>of</strong> investments.<br />

The manager is in all ways called to manage a modest amount <strong>of</strong> INFLOWS CASH coming from <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

company’s <strong>cash</strong> situations. The role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> risk and insurance management" is to search what are <strong>the</strong><br />

risks to which <strong>the</strong> company may have to face, analyze and evaluate <strong>the</strong>m financially, and <strong>the</strong>n is avoid, reduce,<br />

eliminate if possible, possibly to transfer <strong>the</strong>m to a third part.<br />

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