The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hindusim vol 2
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Sarmanochegas<br />
<strong>of</strong> a purified mind), a vina (musical<br />
instrument), and a rosary (associated<br />
with religious rites, and particularly<br />
with the repetition <strong>of</strong> the sacred<br />
sounds known as mantras). Her animal<br />
vehicle is the swan, whose white<br />
color is a symbol <strong>of</strong> purity and whose<br />
high flight is a symbol <strong>of</strong> transcendence.<br />
Through Saraswati’s blessings<br />
(ashirvad) human beings can transcend<br />
their biological condition to<br />
create works <strong>of</strong> art and culture.<br />
Saraswati is usually believed to be<br />
married, although different mythic<br />
sources give her different husbands. In<br />
some cases she is described as the wife <strong>of</strong><br />
the god Brahma, the creator; here their<br />
joint activity encompasses the formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the material world and its transformation<br />
through human cultural activity. In<br />
other stories she is described as the wife<br />
<strong>of</strong> the god Vishnu, and thus a co-wife <strong>of</strong><br />
Lakshmi. Here the realms <strong>of</strong> Lakshmi and<br />
Saraswati can be seen as giving differing<br />
messages about the “good things” in life—<br />
while Lakshmi grants wealth and material<br />
prosperity, Saraswati brings wisdom<br />
and culture. A popular Indian saying<br />
reports that Saraswati’s devotee (bhakta)<br />
will never make money, while a follower<br />
<strong>of</strong> Lakshmi (whose vehicle is the owl) will<br />
be “blind” to spiritual wisdom. For more<br />
information on Saraswati and all the goddesses<br />
<strong>of</strong> Hinduism, see David R. Kinsley,<br />
Hindu Goddesses, 1986.<br />
Saraswati Dashanami<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the ten divisions <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Dashanami Sanyasis, renunciant<br />
ascetics who are devotees (bhakta) <strong>of</strong><br />
Shiva. <strong>The</strong> Dashanamis were supposedly<br />
established by the ninth-century<br />
philosopher Shankaracharya in an<br />
effort to create a corps <strong>of</strong> learned men<br />
who could help to revitalize Hindu life.<br />
Each <strong>of</strong> the divisions is designated by a<br />
different name—in this case, Saraswati<br />
(the patron goddess <strong>of</strong> learning and culture).<br />
Upon initiation, new members<br />
are given this name as a surname to<br />
their new ascetic names, thus allowing<br />
for immediate group identification.<br />
<strong>The</strong>se ten “named” divisions <strong>of</strong><br />
Dashanami Sanyasis are divided into<br />
four larger organizational groups. Each<br />
group has its headquarters in one <strong>of</strong> the<br />
four monastic centers (maths) supposedly<br />
established by Shankaracharya, as<br />
well as other particular religious associations.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Saraswati Dashanamis<br />
belong to the Bhuriwara group, which is<br />
affiliated with the Shringeri math in the<br />
southern Indian town <strong>of</strong> Shringeri. <strong>The</strong><br />
Saraswati division is elite in that it is one<br />
<strong>of</strong> the few that will initiate only brahmins<br />
(the other such divisions are<br />
Ashrama, Tirtha, and part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Bharati order).<br />
Saraswati River<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the seven sacred rivers <strong>of</strong> India,<br />
along with the Ganges, Yamuna,<br />
Godavari, Narmada, Indus, and<br />
Cauvery. <strong>The</strong> Saraswati is particularly<br />
interesting because no one is sure exactly<br />
where this river is located. A river by this<br />
name is mentioned in the hymns <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Vedas, the earliest and most authoritative<br />
Hindu religious texts, and thus the<br />
Saraswati River would seem to have<br />
been in the northeastern part <strong>of</strong> India,<br />
in which these hymns are set. In modern<br />
times a Saraswati River flows through<br />
the northern Indian state <strong>of</strong> Haryana<br />
and dries up in the desert <strong>of</strong> the state <strong>of</strong><br />
Rajasthan. Archaeologists have found<br />
extensive settlements from the Indus<br />
Valley civilization on its banks, indicating<br />
that in earlier times the river was an<br />
active tributary <strong>of</strong> the Indus. Popular<br />
belief holds that the Saraswati continues<br />
to flow underground, and joins the<br />
Ganges and Yamuna Rivers at their confluence<br />
in Allahabad. This reputed confluence<br />
<strong>of</strong> three sacred rivers is the<br />
source for one <strong>of</strong> the site’s names,<br />
Triveni (“triple stream”).<br />
Sarmanochegas<br />
According to the Greek writer Strabo, the<br />
name <strong>of</strong> an ascetic who was part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
delegation sent to Athens by a king <strong>of</strong><br />
the Pandya dynasty, met by Augustus in<br />
603