Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume One A -L Robert E. Buswell

H I NAYA NA
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HINAYA NA
ROGER GOEPPER
Hlnayana is a pejorative term meaning “Lesser Vehicle.”
Some adherents of the “Greater Vehicle” (MA-
HAYANA) applied it to non-Mahayanist schools such as
the THERAVADA, the Sarvastivada, the MAHASAM GHIKA,
and some fifteen other schools. This encyclopedia uses
the term MAINSTREAM BUDDHIST SCHOOLS instead of
Hlnayana.
HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM
JOHN S. STRONG
The term Hinduism as used in this entry (but not usually
elsewhere) covers the whole Brahmanical tradition,
which initially expresses itself in Vedic and its
ancillary literature and is in its later phases characterized
by its acceptance of the authority of the Veda. Hinduism
understood in this manner is no monolithic
whole, and a discussion of the importance of Hinduism
in the development of Buddhism is not possible without
some understanding of the development of Hinduism
itself.
Vedic religion and Buddhism
Little is known about religion in early India beyond
what can be learned from the corpus of texts collectively
known by the name Veda. Vedic literature is extensive
and was produced over a very long period: The
earliest parts of the Rgveda were composed many centuries
before the Vedic Upanisads, which constitute the
most recent part of this corpus. Vedic literature is expressive
of what is commonly called Vedic religion.
Vedic religion did not remain static, yet manifests as a
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