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HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA : M. M. NINAN CHAPTER FOUTEEN THE INDEPENDENT NON-DENOMINATIONAL MOVEMENTS The Pentecostal Movement Pentecostal Movement started all over the world in a spectacular way almost simultaneously. The revival of the gifts of the holy spirit and the need for progressive sanctification was the emphasis. This was initally objected to by all churches as they were surprised by the new phenomena. However as time went on even the most orthodox churches came to terms with the reality of the experience and its power to transform. Because of the objections within the institutional churches in its early days, many Pentecostals seperated themselves to form independent churches. Thus we find a large number of independent Pentecostal churches under various local leader. Invariably these were initiated by missions from American Churches. Pentecostalism is an umbrella term that includes a wide range of different theologies and cultures. There are very many independent churches of the Pentecostal persuation and it will not be possible to enumerate them completely. As such we should expect a wide range of belief systems and many different independent groups. The essential emphasis was on the Holy Spirit and the gifts of the Holy Spirit as given in 1Corinthians 12:4-11, 12:27-31, Romans 12:3-8, and Ephesians 4:7-16. In recent years its distinctive emphasis seem to move towards adult water baptism as a necessary condition for salvation. The modern Pentecostal movement had its origin in Topeka, Kansas. It began in 1901. Charles Parham is the recognized founder of the Pentecostal movement. A significant event in Pentecostalism occurred in 1906 in Los Angeles, California. It took place at the Apostolic Faith Mission, located at 312 Azusa Street when a preacher from Texas, W.J. Seymour arrived in California. He attracted lot more people. The phenomena associated with the meettings were tongue speaking associated with the Baptism of the Holy Spirit. Charles Parham developed the threefoldd theological formula that was used in the Azusa Street. These are: 190
HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA : M. M. NINAN 1. Tongues as the evidence of the Baptism with the Holy Spirit 2. The filling of the Spirit is the sealing of the Bride of Christ. 3. xenoglossic tongues ("missionary tongues") is the tool for the end time revival. The speaking in tongues has later developed into various phenomena such as, "tongues of fire", "rushing of a mighty wing", "interpretation of tongues", "jerking, writhing and falling down". The “Oneness” Pentecostals originated with preachers like Frank Ewart, Glenn Cook, and R.E. McAlister. These men began baptizing converts “in the name of Jesus only.” and considered the Trinity concept as a heresy. Oneness theology denies the Trinity and teaches that God is a single person who was "manifested as Father in creation and as the Father of the Son, in the Son for our redemption, and as the Holy Spirit in our regeneration."1 Another way of looking at it is that God revealed himself as Father in the Old Testament, as the Son in Jesus during Christ’s ministry on earth, and now as the Holy Spirit after Christ’s ascension. In 1916, the Assemblies of God took a strong doctrinal position on the three persons of God, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. As a result a large group left that church. In 1945 the United Pentecostal Church International was formed. As time went on, a large number of independent groups came into existence with varying doctrinal stands and rituals and forms. Pentecostals use the terms "full gospel" or "foursquare gospel" as a trait of the Church. The term foursquare refers to the four fundamental beliefs of Pentecostalism: • Jesus saves according to John 3:16, • baptizes with the Holy Spirit according to Acts 2:4, • heals bodily according to James 5:15, and Jesus is coming again to receive those who are saved according to 1 Thessalonians 4:16– 17. In Kerala the start of this revival came from the MarThoma Church and the CMS Church. Henry Backer (Baker Saip) and many of the CMS missionaries gave impetus and leadership for this movement. Henry Baker Jr 191
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PREFACE This book is the result of
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Kolla Varsham (Malayalam Era) HISTO
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1321 Friar Odoric of Pordenone HIST
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"Third Wave of Migration". HISTORY
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Bible Studies Six Enigmas in the Bi
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Indian Christianity

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