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HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA : M. M. NINAN Mattancheri Coonan Cross of witness The result of the synod was unfortunate. As the Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) explains: "The only case in which an ancient Eastern rite has been wilfully romanized is that of the Uniat Malabar Christians, where it was not Roman authority but the misguided zeal of Alexius de Menezes, Archbishop of Goa, and his Portuguese advisers at the Synod of Diamper (1599) which spoiled the old Malabar Rite." This revolt which was essentially a freedom struggle as far as the <strong>Indian</strong> church is concerned from the foreign domination. The Kerala Churches which was monolithic until that time. Latin rite After the Coonan Cross Oath, Rome realized the extreme stand they took under a weakened political environement incapable of executing inquisition power and began to take steps to get back the confidence. Having realized that the Thomas Christians lost their confidence in the Jesuits, they sent in the Carmelites (another group of monks) in an attempt of reconciliation. Malankara Syrian Christians were new to the politics of the churches. They always relied on foreign clergy to read and interpret Bible. So it was easy for the Carmalites to make them feel that Churches needed Bishops and Bishops are to be ordained only by some form of Apostolic succession and laying on of hands by some Apostolic Authority of the status of Bishop. The Pope erected the Vicariate of Malabar in Cranganore and appointed Fr. Joseph Sebastiani of St.Mary with the Carmelite order, as Apostolic Administrator of the Roman Catholics (Latin rite) of Malabar in 1659 which was renamed as Verapoly in 1709. In 1662, after a papal delegation visited Malabar, many of the confused Syrian Christians returned to Roman Church. Fr. Kadavil Chandy and Fr. Chandy Parampil who were with the Arkadiyokan until then also defected. While Bishop Joseph administered the Roman Catholic followers with their headquarters at Udayamperoor church, Thomas Arakadiyokan and Itty Thommen Kathanar led the Malankara Syrian Church staying at the Mulanthuruthy MarThoman church. In 1663 when Sebastiani left for Goa under instruction from the Dutch, Fr. Chandy Parambil (Mar Alexander) was made the first Vicar Apostolic of Malabar for the section of Syrian Christians who adorned the Roman Catholic faith. After the demise of Mar Alexander, no indigenous Syrian bishop was appointed to succeed him. 118
HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN INDIA : M. M. NINAN Catholic Bishop Parampil Mar Chandy Methran. alias Alexander Palliveettil, Alexander de Campo Metropolitan and the Gate of All India Among the Catholics, the first known indigenous Bishop of whole India, Mar Parampil Chandy was the son of Kuravilangadu Alexander. He was the Vicar Apostolic of Malabar and was called the “ Metropolitan of All India”. This caused confusion and many faithful deserted the Jacobite Church and re-joined Romans. The Pope sent Bishop Joseph Sebastiani to lure Mar Thoma which Mar Thoma devoutly resisted. The enraged bishop Joseph influenced the king of Cochin and put in a false case on Mor Thoma in Oct 1961. Mar Thoma I took asylum in Mulanthuruthy church along with Fr. Itty Thomman. Because the Portugal was still in control of the state, King of Cochin arrested him and kept him in the palace prison to hand over to Portuguese. However they were able to escape the prison in lay clothes which confused the guards. Contribtions of Portuguese Apart from their colonial dictatorship, the Portuguese were instrumental in several contributions to the Malabar Society. They were the first to introduce the following agricultural products: Cashew Nut (it is still called Parangi Andi = Portuguese Nut), Tobacco, the custard apple, guava, the pineapple, the pappaya and many others. They also started several schools and colleges in Cochin, Cranganore, Ankamally and Vaipicotta and also one printing press each in Cochin and Vaipicotta. The dance drama known as Chavittu Natakam ('Stamping Drama' = Dance Drama) was introduced as a morality play in the churches. 119
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PREFACE This book is the result of
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According to the Anal Naga Baptist
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Bible Studies Six Enigmas in the Bi
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Indian Christianity

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