Biblical Hermeneutics

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PRINCIPLES OF BIBLICAL HERMENETICS ; M. M. NINAN First Generation (10-80 C.E.): Principal tannaim: the Shammaites (Bet Shammai) and the Hillelites (Bet Hillel), 'Aḳabya b. Mahalaleel, Rabban Gamaliel the Elder, Ḥanina, chief of the priests ("segan ha-kohanim"), Simeon b. Gamaliel, and Johanan b. Zakkai. Second Generation (80-120): Principal tannaim: Rabban Gamaliel II. (of Jabneh), Zadok, Dosa b. Harkinas, Eliezer b. Jacob, Eliezer b. Hyrcanus, Joshua b. Hananiah, Eleazar b. Azariah, Judah b. Bathyra. Third Generation (120-140): Principal tannaim: Ṭarfon, Ishmael, Akiba, Johanan b. Nuri, Jose ha-Gelili, Simeon b. Nanos, Judah b. Baba, and Johanan b. Baroḳa. Several of these flourished in the preceding period. Fourth Generation: This generation extended from the death of Akiba (c. 140) to that of the patriarch Simeon b. Gamaliel (c. 165). The teachers belonging to this generation were: Meïr, Judah b. Ilai, Jose b. Ḥalafta, Simeon b. Yoḥai, Eleazar b. Shammua, Johanan ha-Sandalar, Eleazar b. Jacob, Nehemiah, Joshua b. Ḳarḥa, and the above-mentioned Simeon b. Gamaliel. Fifth Generation (165-200): Principal tannaim: Nathan ha-Babli, Symmachus, Judah ha-Nasi I., Jose b. Judah, Eleazar b. Simeon, Simeon b. Eleazar. Sixth Generation (200-220): To this generation belong the contemporaries and disciples of Judah ha-Nasi. They are mentioned in the Tosefta and the Baraita but not in the Mishnah. Their names are: Polemo, Issi b. Judah, Eleazar b. Jose, Ishmael b. Jose, Judah b. Laḳish, Ḥiyya, Aḥa, Abba (Arika). These teachers are termed "semi-tannaim"; and therefore some scholars count only five generations of tannaim. Christian scholars, moreover, count only four generations, reckoning the second and third as one (Strack, "Einleitung in den Talmud," pp. 77 et seq.). The tannaitic tradition recognizes three such collections, namely: The Seven Rules of Hillel The Thirteen Rules of Rabbi Ishmael The Thirty-two Rules of Eliezer B. Jose Ha-Ge-lili A fourth tradition came about in the Jewish Mysticism known as Kaballah which gave 42 Rules of Zohar. 11
PRINCIPLES OF BIBLICAL HERMENETICS ; M. M. NINAN Groundwork for the theoretical Kabbalah was laid only in the 13th century by the monumental Sefer ha-Zohar, or “Book of Splendor.” But its full potential was realized 300 years later when an elite group of scholars gathered at Safed in Galilee. Moses Cordovero, Isaac Luria, Chaim Vital, and others codified the Zoharic teachings and built the elaborate system of theoretical, “theosophical,” Kabbalah as we have today. Christian Kabbalah” emerged in Florence and spread to other parts of Europe. Strongly influenced by Renaissance Hermeticism, it provided a basis for 19th- and early 20th-century occultism and for today’s popular Kabbalah. THE SEVEN RULES OF HILLEL Hillel (60 BC – 20 AD), later became head of the Sanhedrin and was called the Nasi (Prince). He was the master of the great school or Beit, at first associated with Menachem and afterward Shammai, his peer. His School advocated the milder HALAKHIC rulings. His influence as a restorer of Scriptural exegesis is his most significant contribution to the Yisraelite world. He lived as a great teacher who lived what he taught-the practice of tzedakah, fear of Elohim, and humility. After Hillel's death the mantle of his rabbinical leadership fell upon his son, Simeon.Later, it was passed on to Rabbi Gamliel, who was Shaul's teacher and Gamliel supported the early talmidim of Yahshua. Gamliel was the first to carry the title "Rabban" (our master or great one, Professor), rather than the more common title "rabbi" (my teacher) The Seven Rules of Hillel existed long before Rabbi Hillel but he was the first to write them down. The rules are so old we see them used in the Tenach (Old Testament). 12
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Prof. Madathilparampil Mammen Ninan
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Life, Legacy and the Theology of Dr
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Biblical Hermeneutics

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