Understanding NRT- Reading 1- 2 of 2- Radiogaphic Testing A

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Porosity is the result of gas entrapment in the solidifying metal. Porosity can take many shapes on a radiograph but often appears as dark round or irregular spots or specks appearing singularly, in clusters or rows. Sometimes porosity is elongated and may have the appearance of having a tail This is the result of gas attempting to escape while the metal is still in a liquid state and is called wormhole porosity. All porosity is a void in the material it will have a radiographic density more than the surrounding area. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Cluster porosity is caused when flux coated electrodes are contaminated with moisture. The moisture turns into gases when heated and becomes trapped in the weld during the welding process. Cluster porosity appear just like regular porosity in the radiograph but the indications will be grouped close together. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understandings NRT - Reading 1 Part
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NDT for Upstream Charlie Chong/ Fio
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NDT for Upstream Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Fion Zhan
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BOK NR- Neutron Radiographic Testin
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4. Interpretation/Evaluation • Im
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Chapter 6: Radio Isotope (Gamma) So
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Cobalt-60 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Cobalt-60, 60 Co, is a synthetic ra
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Decay of Co-60 The decay scheme of
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γ-Ray Spectrum of Cobalt-60 Charli
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Isomers Nuclei can have the same ne
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Half-lives (example: Gd) Charlie Ch
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Advantages of gamma ray sources inc
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Radio Isotope - Th232 Half life: 1.
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Radio Isotope - Co60 Half life: 192
Page 39 and 40: 12.7μm sensitive silver halide blu
Page 41 and 42: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 45 and 46: Arithmetic of Exposure RELATIONS OF
Page 47 and 48: Milliamperage-Distance Relation The
Page 49 and 50: When very low kilovoltages, say 20
Page 51 and 52: Tabular Solution of Milliamperage-T
Page 53 and 54: Milliamperage-Time and Distance Rel
Page 55 and 56: THE RECIPROCITY LAW In the sections
Page 57 and 58: Approximate Corrections for Recipro
Page 59 and 60: Film Packaging Radiographic film ca
Page 61 and 62: Film Handling X-ray film should alw
Page 63 and 64: Subject contrast is determined by t
Page 65 and 66: Definition Radiographic definition
Page 67 and 68: Film should be located in a light,
Page 69 and 70: Sensitometric checks may be carried
Page 71 and 72: Film viewers should be clean and in
Page 73 and 74: When viewing a particular region of
Page 75 and 76: Radiographic Contrast Charlie Chong
Page 77 and 78: In the example on the right, the sa
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 12: Radiographic Density Fi
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 13: Controlling Radiographi
Page 83 and 84: Hole-Type IQIs ASTM Standard E1025
Page 85 and 86: Wire Penetrameters ASTM Standard E7
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 14: Exposure Calculations P
Page 89: General Welding Discontinuities The
Page 93 and 94: Incomplete penetration (IP) or lack
Page 95 and 96: Internal concavity or suck back is
Page 97 and 98: External or crown undercut is an er
Page 99 and 100: Inadequate weld reinforcement is an
Page 101 and 102: Cracks can be detected in a radiogr
Page 103 and 104: Oxide inclusions are usually visibl
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 16: Radiograph Interpretati
Page 109 and 110: Shrinkage is a form of discontinuit
Page 111 and 112: Dendritic shrinkage is a distributi
Page 113 and 114: Cracks are thin (straight or jagged
Page 115 and 116: Core shift shows itself as a variat
Page 117 and 118: Mottling is a radiographic indicati
Page 119 and 120: Incomplete penetration, as the name
Page 121 and 122: Root edge condition shows the penet
Page 123 and 124: Real-time radiography is a well-est
Page 127 and 128: Read More: https://www.nde-ed.org/T
Page 129: Good Luck! Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Understanding NRT- Reading 1- 2 of 2- Radiogaphic Testing A

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