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The Buddha-Carita or The Life of Buddha by Ven. Aśvaghoṣa

A Sanskrit and English line by line (interlinear) version of one of the most important and influential biographies of the Buddha (together with extensive annotation).

A Sanskrit and English line by line (interlinear) version of one of the most important and influential biographies of the Buddha (together with extensive annotation).

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<strong>Buddha</strong>-carita, <strong>or</strong> <strong>The</strong> <strong>Life</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Buddha</strong> - 183<br />

72. Next he considered, “From what does consciousness come into being?” <strong>The</strong>n he<br />

knew that it is produced <strong>by</strong> supp<strong>or</strong>ting itself on name-and-f<strong>or</strong>m. 1<br />

73. <strong>The</strong>n after he had understood the <strong>or</strong>der <strong>of</strong> causality, he thought over it; his mind<br />

travelled over the views that he had f<strong>or</strong>med and did not turn aside to other thoughts.<br />

74. Consciousness is the causal condition from which name and f<strong>or</strong>m is produced.<br />

Name-and-f<strong>or</strong>m again is the supp<strong>or</strong>t on which consciousness is based.<br />

75. Just as a boat conveys a man . . . . . . , 2 so consciousness and name-and-f<strong>or</strong>m are<br />

causes <strong>of</strong> each other.<br />

76. Just as redhot iron causes grass to blaze and as blazing grass makes iron redhot, <strong>of</strong><br />

such a kind is their mutual causality.<br />

77. Thus he understood that from consciousness arises name-and-from, from the latter<br />

<strong>or</strong>iginate the senses and from the senses arises contact.<br />

78. But <strong>of</strong> contact he knew sensation to be b<strong>or</strong>n, out <strong>of</strong> sensation thirst, out <strong>of</strong> thirst<br />

appropriation, and out <strong>of</strong> appropriation similarly existence.<br />

79. From exixtence comes birth, from birth he knew old age and death to arise. He<br />

rightly understood that the w<strong>or</strong>ld is produced <strong>by</strong> the causal conditions.<br />

80. <strong>The</strong>n this conclusion came firmly on him, that from the annihilation <strong>of</strong> birth old<br />

age and death are suppressed (nirodha), that from the destruction <strong>of</strong> existence birth<br />

itself is destroyed, and that existence ceases to be through the suppression <strong>of</strong><br />

appropriation.<br />

81. Further the latter is suppressed through the suppression <strong>of</strong> thirst; if sensation does<br />

not exist, thirst does not exist; if contact is destroyed, sensation does not come into<br />

existence; from the non-existence <strong>of</strong> the six <strong>or</strong>gans <strong>of</strong> sense contact is destroyed.<br />

82. Similarly if name-and-f<strong>or</strong>m is rightly suppressed, all the six <strong>or</strong>gans <strong>of</strong> sense are<br />

destroyed too; and the f<strong>or</strong>mer is suppressed through the suppression <strong>of</strong> consciousness,<br />

and the latter is suppressed also through the suppression <strong>of</strong> the fact<strong>or</strong>s (saskāra).<br />

83. Similarly the great seer understood that the fact<strong>or</strong>s are suppressed <strong>by</strong> the complete<br />

absence <strong>of</strong> ign<strong>or</strong>ance (avidyā). <strong>The</strong>ref<strong>or</strong>e he knew properly what was to be known and<br />

stood out bef<strong>or</strong>e the w<strong>or</strong>ld as the <strong>Buddha</strong>.<br />

1 [Ed: It is interesting to note that the f<strong>or</strong>m <strong>of</strong> pratītyasamutpāda at first follows the outline <strong>of</strong><br />

the Mahānidānasutta (D. 15), where consciousness and name-and-f<strong>or</strong>m are said to rely on each<br />

other. Later the n<strong>or</strong>mal 12-fold exposition, with consciousness proceeded <strong>by</strong> saskāra and<br />

avidyā, is given.]<br />

2 Johnson’s note: <strong>The</strong> Tibetan version has one pāda missing.

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