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The Gentile Times Reconsidered Chronology Christ

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

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TABLE 2<br />

FURULI’S “OSLO CHRONOLOGY”<br />

Furuli’s Second Book 505<br />

YEAR BCE<br />

VISIBILITY DEVIATION POSITION OF SATURN<br />

1 = 646 first +6 days text damaged<br />

3 = 644 last +2 days wrong<br />

5 = 642 last +1 days not given<br />

6 = 641 last +5 days<br />

6 = 641 first +5 days wrong<br />

7 = 640 first +6 days wrong? (slightly damaged)<br />

8 = 639 last +1 day<br />

8 = 639 first +4 days wrong<br />

10 = 637 last +4 days<br />

10 = 637 first +7 days wrong<br />

11 = 636 last +4 days<br />

11 = 636 first +7 days wrong<br />

12 = 635 first +4 days wrong<br />

13 = 634 first +8 days wrong<br />

14 = 633 last +6 days not given<br />

Comments: 6 of the 15 deviations are outside the margin of uncertainty. <strong>The</strong> positions of<br />

Saturn do not fit, either. Of the 8 years in which the recorded positions are legible, 7 are<br />

clearly in conflict with the tablet, and the 8 th may be wrong, too. This is “year 7” in Furuli’s<br />

chronology, and the recorded position is slightly damaged and may partly have been<br />

misread.<br />

In year 12 Saturn should have been “at the beginning of Pabilsag [= Sagittarius + part of<br />

Ophiuchus]”. This fits year 636 BCE, but not 635 (Furuli’s date for year 12). As the study of<br />

the astronomical tablets has shown, the western part of Pabilsag included θ Ophiuchus,<br />

which was thus “at the beginning of Pabilsag”. (A summary of the examination of the<br />

Babylonian constellations and the stars attached to them by the Babylonian astronomers is<br />

included in a separate Appendix in Hermann Hunger & David Pingree, Astral Sciences in<br />

Mesopotamia [Leiden-Boston-Köln: Brill, 1999], pp. 271-277.)<br />

In 635, however, Saturn had moved away from Ophiuchus altogether to about the middle<br />

of Pabilsag. In year 13 Saturn should have been “in the middle of Pabilsag”. This fits year<br />

635 BCE, but in 634 (Furuli’s date for year 13) Saturn had moved away also from the middle<br />

of Pabilsag and was close to the eastern end of Pabilsag.<br />

<strong>The</strong> conclusion is that Furuli’s attempt to move the reign of Kandalanu one year forward<br />

cannot be upheld astronomically. His revised chronology is demonstrably wrong.<br />

So what about Furuli’s attempt to identify Kandalanu with Nabopolassar?

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