25.03.2016 Views

The Gentile Times Reconsidered Chronology Christ

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

Furuli’s First Book 427<br />

Astronomy and Celestial Divination, London: <strong>The</strong> MIT Press, 1999, p. 82;<br />

emphasis added)<br />

If only five percent of the original Babylonian astronomical archive is<br />

preserved today, the scale of the chronological revisions Furuli thinks Seleucid<br />

copyists engaged in becomes apparent. To bring their whole archive into<br />

harmony with their supposed theoretical chronology, they would have had to<br />

redate thousands of tablets and tens of thousands of observations. Is it likely<br />

that they believed so strongly in a supposed theoretical chronology that they<br />

bothered to redate four centuries’ worth of archives containing thousands of<br />

tablets? <strong>The</strong> idea is absurd.<br />

We can also ask why the Seleucid scholars would work out a theoretical<br />

chronology for earlier centuries when a reliable chronology for the whole<br />

period back to the middle of the 8th century could easily be extracted from the<br />

extensive astronomical archive at their disposal. Is it not much more realistic to<br />

conclude that their chronology was exactly the one found in the inherited<br />

archive of tablets, an archive that had been studied and expanded by successive<br />

generations of scholars up to and including their own?<br />

It should be noted that, to make any claims at all about dates in his Oslo<br />

chronology, Furuli must rely on the dating of the tablets that the Seleucids<br />

supposedly revised. But if one assumes that his chronology is valid, then so<br />

must be the dates recorded on the tablets—which destroys his claim that the<br />

Seleucids revised the tablets. Thus, Furuli’s argument is internally inconsistent<br />

and cannot be correct.<br />

Another problem is what became of the original pre-Seleucid tablets. A<br />

necessary consequence of Furuli’s theory is that almost all extant tablets should<br />

reflect only the erroneous theoretical chronology of the Seleucid scholars, not<br />

what Furuli regards as the original and true chronology—the Oslo <strong>Chronology</strong>.<br />

In his view, therefore, all or almost all extant tablets can only be the late revised<br />

copies of the Seleucid scholars. Thus, on page 64, he claims: “As in the case of<br />

the astronomical diaries on clay tablets, we do not have the autographs of the<br />

Biblical books, but only copies.” This is certainly true of the Biblical books, but<br />

is it true of the astronomical diaries? Is there any evidence to show that all the<br />

astronomical tablets preserved today are only copies from the Seleucid era?<br />

Are all extant tablets late copies from the Seleucid era?<br />

It is certainly true that some of the earliest diaries, including VAT 4956, are<br />

later copies. <strong>The</strong>y frequently reflect the struggle of the copyist to understand<br />

the ancient documents they were copying, some of which were broken or<br />

otherwise damaged. Twice in the text of VAT 4956, for example, the copyist<br />

added the comment “broken off,” indicating he was unable to decipher some<br />

word in the original. Often the documents used archaic terminology that the<br />

copyists tried to modernize. What about diaries from later times?<br />

As an example, there are about 25 diaries from the reign of Artaxerxes II<br />

(404-358 BCE), 11 of which not only preserve the dates (year, month, day) but<br />

also the name of the king. (Sachs/Hunger, ADT, Vol. I, pp. 66-141) Some of

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!