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The Gentile Times Reconsidered Chronology Christ

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

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A theory of desperation<br />

Furuli’s First Book 425<br />

If the entries on the observational tablets—diaries, and lunar and planetary<br />

tablets—record mostly demonstrably genuine observations, and if the<br />

Babylonian astronomers were unable to compute and retrocalculate many of<br />

the astronomical and other data reported, how, then, is it possible for anyone to<br />

wriggle out of the evidence provided by these tablets?<br />

Because the tablets often contain so many detailed observations dated to<br />

specific regnal years that they can be safely fixed to particular Julian years, the<br />

only escape is to question the authenticity of the regnal year numbers found on the<br />

tablets.<br />

This is what Furuli does. He imagines that “a scribe could sit down in the<br />

2nd century and make a tablet partly of some phenomena covering many years,<br />

partly on the basis of theory (the three schemes) and partly on the basis of<br />

tablets from a library” that might show real observations. <strong>The</strong>n, upon discovery<br />

that the dates on the library tablets conflicted with the theoretical data, “these<br />

erroneous data could be used to ‘correct’ the correct data of his library tablet, to<br />

the effect that the tablet he was making would contain wrong data of regnal<br />

years.” (Furuli, p. 41)<br />

Furuli indicates that not only the dates on the lunar and planetary tablets but<br />

also the dates on the diaries might have been tampered with by the Seleucid<br />

scholars in the same way. Referring again to the fact that the earliest extant<br />

diaries are copies, he says:<br />

“But what about the regnal year(s) of a king that are written on such<br />

tablets? Have they been calibrated to fit an incorrect theoretical<br />

chronological scheme, or have they been copied correctly?” (Furuli, p.<br />

42)<br />

Furuli realizes, of course, that his Oslo <strong>Chronology</strong> is thoroughly<br />

contradicted by the Babylonian astronomical tablets. That is the reason he<br />

proposes, as a last resort, the theory that these tablets might have been redated<br />

by Seleucid scholars to bring them into agreement with their own supposed<br />

theoretical chronology for earlier times. Is this scenario likely? What does it<br />

imply?<br />

<strong>The</strong> scale of the supposed Seleucid chronological revisions<br />

To what extent does Furuli’s Oslo <strong>Chronology</strong> differ from the traditional<br />

chronology? In a chronological table on pages 219-225 covering the 208 years<br />

of the Persian era (539–331 BCE), Furuli shows, reign by reign, the difference<br />

between his chronology and the traditional one. It turns out that the only<br />

agreement between the two are the dating of the reigns of Cyrus and<br />

Cambyses—the period from the fall of Babylon (539 BCE) to 523/2 BCE, a<br />

period of 17 years. By giving Bardiya one full year of reign after Cambyses,<br />

Furuli moves the whole 36-year reign of Darius I one year forward, as<br />

mentioned earlier. <strong>The</strong>n he moves the reigns of Darius’ successors Xerxes and<br />

Artaxerxes I 10 years backward by adding 10 years to the reign of the latter,<br />

creating a coregency of 11 years between Darius I and Xerxes.

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