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The Gentile Times Reconsidered Chronology Christ

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

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many other texts:<br />

Furuli’s First Book 405<br />

“One or two contradictory finds do not necessarily destroy a<br />

chronology that has been substantiated by hundreds of independent<br />

finds.” (p. 22)<br />

On the same page he gives three examples:<br />

(1) A tablet that, in 1878, T. G. Pinches said “would overthrow the perfect<br />

agreement of Mr. Boscawen’s list with the Canon of Ptolemy,” adding that “I<br />

did not intend to publish it at all.” But Furuli fails to mention that this is a tablet<br />

that at first seemed to be dated to “year 11” of Cambyses—which contradicts<br />

not only the Canon of Ptolemy but also Furuli’s Oslo <strong>Chronology</strong>. That is why<br />

Furuli, too, finds it necessary to reject it.<br />

As it happened, the odd date soon found an explanation. On the tablet, the<br />

figure for 1 had been written over the figure for 10. It was pointed out by A.<br />

Wiedemann (Geschichte Aegyptens, Leipzig, 1880, pp. 225f.) that this seemed to be<br />

a scribal correction of a mistaken “year 10,” which the scribe had tried to<br />

change to “year 1,” thus creating a date sign that easily could be misread as<br />

“year 11.” This simple and natural explanation was subsequently accepted by all<br />

scholars. (See my Supplement to <strong>The</strong> <strong>Gentile</strong> <strong>Times</strong> <strong>Reconsidered</strong>, Danville: Odeon<br />

Books, 1989, page 8.) <strong>The</strong> date, then, was not odd after all.<br />

(2) A tablet that “did not fit” PD’s “chronological scheme” and was rejected<br />

because “the month sign is shaded, and in view of known facts this date cannot<br />

be accepted.” But Furuli does not inform the reader that this tablet is Nabon.<br />

No. 1054 (BM 74972), which is dated in PD to Nbn VIII/10/17 (month VIII,<br />

day 10, year 17)—nearly one month after the fall of Babylon on VII/16/17.<br />

In 1990, I asked <strong>Christ</strong>opher Walker at the British Museum to take another<br />

look at the date on this tablet. His collation, confirmed by other scholars,<br />

revealed that the year number had been misread. It was actually 16, not 17. <strong>The</strong><br />

date of the tablet, then, was not in conflict with the chronology established for<br />

the reign of Nabonidus. Walker says:<br />

“On the Nabonidus text no. 1054 mentioned by Parker and Dubberstein p.<br />

13 and Kugler, SSB II 388, I have collated that tablet (BM 74972) and am<br />

satisfied that the year is 16, not 17. It has also been checked by Dr. G. Van<br />

Driel and Mr. Bongenaar, and they both agree with me.” (Letter Walker to<br />

Jonsson, Nov. 13, 1990)<br />

Thus, Furuli’s first two tablets cannot be used as examples of “contradictory<br />

finds” that conflict with the established chronology. This cannot be said of his<br />

third tablet, however, which clearly contains a scribal error.<br />

(3) BM 65494 dates itself to “Artaxerxes VI.4.50” (month VI, day 4, year<br />

50), a date that all scholars, for strong reasons, have concluded is an error for<br />

VI.4.40. Walker, too, points this out (which Furuli acknowledges but gives no<br />

source reference) in an unpublished list titled “Corrections and Additions to<br />

CBT 6-8.” This list has been worked out and kept up-to-date by Walker at the<br />

British Museum. It has been sent to correspondents in answer to questions<br />

asked about the dates on the tablets listed in the CBT 6-8 catalogues. (My two

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