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The Gentile Times Reconsidered Chronology Christ

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

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380 THE GENTILE TIMES RECONSIDERED<br />

ended when the Jews returned from the exile after the fall of<br />

Babylon, as Furuli holds, why does our text show that the cities still<br />

were being denounced in the second year of Darius, 520/519<br />

BCE? Furuli has no explanation for this, and he prefers not to<br />

comment on the problem.<br />

<strong>The</strong> same holds true of Zechariah 7:4,5. How can the 70 years<br />

of fasting have ended in 537 BCE, as Furuli claims, when our text<br />

clearly shows that these fasts were still being held in the fourth year<br />

of Darius, 518/517 BCE? Furuli again ignores the problem. He just<br />

refers to the fact that the Hebrew verbs for “denounce,” “fast,”<br />

and “mourn” are all in the Hebrew perfect, stating that, “<strong>The</strong>re is<br />

nothing in the verbs themselves which demands that the 70 years<br />

were still continuing at speech time.” (p. 88) True, but they do not<br />

demand the opposite, either. <strong>The</strong> verb forms in the passage prove<br />

nothing.<br />

But the context does. It clearly shows that the cities were still<br />

being denounced “at speech time,” in 519 BCE, and that the fasts<br />

were still being held “at speech time,” in 517 BCE, about 70 years<br />

after the siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 589–587 BCE. That<br />

is why this question was raised in 519 BCE: Why is Jehovah still<br />

angry at Jerusalem and the cities? (Zechariah 1:7–12) And that is<br />

also why this question was raised in 517 BCE: Shall we continue to<br />

hold these fasts? (Zechariah 7:1–12) Furuli’s interpretation (which<br />

echoes the Watchtower Society’s) implies that the denunciation of<br />

the cities and the keeping of the fasts had been going on for about<br />

90 — not 70 — years, directly contradicting the statements in the<br />

book of Zechariah.<br />

Summary<br />

In this review of Furuli’s book, we have seen a number of<br />

insurmountable difficulties that his Oslo <strong>Chronology</strong> creates not<br />

only with respect to the extra-Biblical historical sources but also<br />

with the Bible itself.<br />

<strong>The</strong> amount of evidence against Furuli’s revised chronology<br />

provided by the cuneiform documents — in particular the<br />

astronomical tablets — is enormous. Furuli’s attempts to explain<br />

away this evidence are of no avail. His idea that most, if not all, of<br />

the astronomical data recorded on the tablets might have been<br />

retrocalculated in a later period is demonstrably false. Furuli’s final,<br />

desperate theory that the Seleucid astronomers — and there were<br />

many — systematically redated almost the whole astronomical<br />

archive inherited from earlier generations of scholars is divorced<br />

from reality.

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