The Gentile Times Reconsidered Chronology Christ

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The Length of Reigns of the Neo-Babylonian Kings 131 36:10, and Jeremiah 52:28, 31. A brief discussion of this evidence is included in the “Appendix for Chapter 3” (page 325). c) Nebuchadnezzar to Awel-Marduk to Neriglissar (5) In the Neo-Babylonian period, bookkeeping was already an ancient, highly complex and formalized business. 85 An interesting example of this is a tablet known as NBC 4897. The document is, actually, a ledger, tabulating the annual growth of a herd of sheep and goats belonging to the Eanna temple at Uruk for ten consecutive years, from the thirty-seventh year of Nebuchadnezzar to the first year of Neriglissar. In the entries for each year the number of lambs and kids born during the year is added, and the number of animals killed (documented by their hides) or paid to the herdsmen as wages, are subtracted. The grand totals are then given in the column farthest to the right. Thus it is possible to follow the numerical increase of the herd year by year. The text shows that the herdsman responsible for the herd, Nabû-ahhe-shullim, during the ten years succeeded in enlarging the herd from 137 sheep and goats to 922 animals. 86 True, the Babylonian scribe made a few miscalculations and mathematical mistakes which partially hampers the interpretation of the document. 87 There is no doubt, however, that it is an annual record, as year numbers are given for each successive year. In the entry for the first year of Neriglissar, for example, the grand total column contains the following information: Grand total: 922, 1st year of Nergal-sharra-usur, king of Babylon, 9 lambs in Uruk were received (and) 3 lambs for shearing. Similar information is given for each year from the thirtyseventh year of Nebuchadnezzar to his forty-third year, for the first 85 Bookkeeping is as old as the art of writing. In fact, the oldest known script, the proto-cuneiform script, which emerged at Uruk (and usually is dated to about 3200 B.C.E.), “was almost exclusively restricted to bookkeeping; it was an ‘accountant’s script’.” —H. J. Nissen, P. Damerow, & R. K. Englund, Archaic Bookkeeping (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 30. 86 G. van Driel & K. R. Nemet-Nejat, “Bookkeeping practices for an institutional herd at Eanna,” Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Vol. 46:4, 1994, p.47. The form of recordkeeping used in the text “involves accumulating data with cross-footing the accounts in order to prove that all entries are accounted therein.”—Ibid.,p. 47, note 1. 87 The errors occur in the totals, probably because the scribes had difficulties in reading the numbers in their ledgers.—Ibid., pp. 56, 57.
132 THE GENTILE TIMES RECONSIDERED The "ledger" NBC 4897 The document tabulates the annual growth of a herd of sheep and goats belonging to the Eanna temple at Uruk for ten successive years, from the 37th year of Nebuchadnezzar to the 1st year of Neriglissar (568-559 B.C.E.). — From G. van Driel & K. R. Nemet-Nejat, "Bookkeeping practices for an institutional herd at Eanna." Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Vol. 46:4, 1994, pp. 48, 49.
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Contents Foreword v Introduction 1
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2 I BIBLICAL AND SECULAR CHRONOLOGY
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6 I THE “SEVEN TIMES” OF DANIEL
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For Chapter One: APPENDIX ADDITIONA
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THE 20TH YEAR OF ARTAXERXES AND THE
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PROFESSOR ROBERT R. NEWTON, “PTOL
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A critical review of Rolf Furuli’
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The Gentile Times Reconsidered Chronology Christ

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