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The Gentile Times Reconsidered Chronology Christ

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

An historical and biblical refutation of 1914, a favorite year of Jehovah's Witnesses and other Bible Students. By Carl Olof Jonsson.

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<strong>The</strong> Length of Reigns of the Neo-Babylonian Kings 109<br />

Nabonidus No. 18, confirms the length of reign for that king as<br />

found in those ancient sources.<br />

<strong>The</strong> second cuneiform tablet, Nabonidus No. 8, clearly<br />

establishes the total length of the reigns of the Neo-Babylonian kings<br />

up to Nabonidus, and enables us to know both the beginning year<br />

of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign and the crucial year in which he<br />

desolated Jerusalem.<br />

<strong>The</strong> third, Nabonidus No. 24, provides the length of the reign<br />

of each Neo-Babylonian king from the first ruler, Nabopolassar,<br />

onward and down to the ninth year of the last ruler, Nabonidus<br />

(Belshazzar was evidently a coregent with his father Nabonidus at<br />

the time of Babylon’s fall). 41<br />

Following are the details for each of these cuneiform tablets:<br />

(1) Nabon. No.18 is a cylinder inscription from an unnamed year<br />

of Nabonidus. Fulfilling the desire of Sin, the moon-god,<br />

Nabonidus dedicated a daughter of his (named En-nigaldi-Nanna)<br />

to this god as priestess at the Sin temple of Ur.<br />

<strong>The</strong> important fact here is that an eclipse of the moon, dated in the<br />

text to Ulûlu 13 and observed in the morning watch, led to this<br />

dedication. Ulûlu, the sixth month in the Babylonian calendar,<br />

corresponded to parts of August and September (or, sometimes,<br />

parts of September and October) in our calendar. <strong>The</strong> inscription<br />

explicitly states that the moon “set while eclipsed,” that is, the<br />

eclipse began before and ended after sunrise. 42 Its end, therefore,<br />

was invisible at Babylon.<br />

41 Unfortunately, scholars have arranged or numbered the inscriptions differently,<br />

which may cause some confusion. In the systems of Tadmor, Berger, and Beaulieu<br />

the three inscriptions are listed as follows:<br />

Tadmor 1965: Berger 1973: Beaulieu 1989:<br />

(1) Nabon. No. 18 Nbd Zyl. II, 7 No. 2<br />

(2) Nabon. No. 8 Nbd Stl. Frgm. XI No. 1<br />

(3) Nabon. No. 24 (missing) (Adad-guppi stele)<br />

Beaulieu’s arrangement is chronological: No. 1 was written in Nabonidus’ first<br />

year, No. 2 in his second year, and No. 13 after year 13, possibly in year 14 or 15.<br />

(Beaulieu, op. cit., p.42.) In Tadmor’ s list Nabonidus’ inscriptions are numbered in<br />

the order of their publication, starting with the fifteen texts published by Langdon<br />

in 1912. (Hayim Tadmor, “<strong>The</strong> Inscriptions of Nabunaid: Historical Arrangement,”<br />

in Studies in Honor of Benno Landsberger on his Seventy-Fifth Birthday [=<br />

Assyriological Studies, No. 16], ed. H. Güterbock & T. Jacobsen, Chicago, <strong>The</strong><br />

Chicago University Press, 1965, pp. 351–363.) <strong>The</strong> systems of Tadmor, Berger, and<br />

Beaulieu, in turn, differ from that of H. Lewy in Archiv Orientální, Vol. XVII, Prague,<br />

1949, pp. 34, 35, note 32. In the discussion here presented Tadmor’s numbers will<br />

be used.<br />

42 This part of the text says, according to Beaulieu’s translation: “On account of the<br />

wish for an entu priestess, in the month Ulûlu, the month (whose Sumerian name<br />

means) ‘work of the goddesses,’ on the thirteenth day the moon was eclipsed and<br />

set while eclipsed. Sin requested an entu priestess. Thus (were) his sign and his

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